Description
COM 227 Milestone Two Guidelines and Rubric
Overview: You will continue to develop a presentation from your previously created slides, which covered the planning section of your final project.
In this milestone, you will create the implementation section of your public relations campaign and submit it for instructor feedback.
Prompt: This milestone should be a 15- to 18-slide draft of your public relations presentation, addressing all critical elements in the implementation section of
the final project. Ensure that you apply best practices in ethical presentation development and Associated Press style.
Critical Elements
Proficient (100%)
Needs Improvement (55%)
Not Evident (0%)
Value
Implementing:
History of Public
Relations
Provides a brief overview of
the history of public relations,
including critical milestones
and the growth of the field
Provides an overview of the
Does not provide an overview of
history of public relations as
the history of public relations as
presented in the course, but
presented in the course
overview is cursory, not brief, or
does not include the critical
milestones and growth of the
field
10
Implementing:
Modern Public
Relations
Explains the idea of modern
public relations, supporting
with evidence from the course
or prior research
Explains the idea of modern
Does not explain the idea of
public relations, but explanation modern public relations
is cursory, contains inaccuracies,
or is not supported with
evidence from the course or
prior research
25
Implementing:
Practice Today
Explains how the history of
the field has influenced the
perception of the practice of
public relations today,
supporting connections with
evidence from the course or
prior research
Explains how the history of the
field has influenced the
perception of the practice of
public relations today. but
explanation is cursory, contains
inaccuracies, or is not supported
with evidence from the course
or prior research
Does not explain how the history
of the field has influenced the
perception of the practice of
public relations today
25
Implementing:
Approach
Determines a professional
approach that could be used
in addressing ethical issues
regarding public relations with
evidence from prior research
and planning
Determines a professional
approach that could be used in
addressing ethical issues
regarding public relations, but
determination is cursory,
contains inaccuracies, or is not
supported with evidence from
prior research and planning
Does not determine a
professional approach that could
be used in addressing ethical
issues regarding public relations
15
Critical Elements
Proficient (100%)
Needs Improvement (55%)
Not Evident (0%)
Value
Implementing: Best
Practices and AP
Writing Style
Utilizes appropriate best
practices and AP style
throughout the presentation
and accompanying speaker
notes
Utilizes best practices and AP
style throughout the
presentation and accompanying
speaker notes, but utilization
contains inaccuracies or is not
appropriate
Does not utilize best practices
and AP style throughout the
presentation and accompanying
speaker notes
15
Articulation of
Response
Submission has no major
errors related to citations,
grammar, spelling, syntax, or
organization
Submission has major errors
related to citations, grammar,
spelling, syntax, or organization
that negatively impact
readability and articulation of
main ideas
Submission has critical errors
related to citations, grammar,
spelling, syntax, or organization
that prevent understanding of
ideas
10
Total
100%
COM 227 Final Project Guidelines and Rubric
Overview
This course offers you an introduction to the field of public relations. You will develop a foundational basis around the history and ethics of the field, while also
exploring what constitutes public relations in a more modern context. You will also become acquainted with the foundational best practices used in public
relations and develop the fundamental writing skills required in the field. This course will help you become more acquainted with what public relations is, and
learn how to convey that to others in a professional presentation.
The final project for this course is the creation and evaluation of a public relations campaign for a field or industry of your choice. The final product represents an
authentic demonstration of competency because it is common practice to create and evaluate public relations campaigns. The final project focuses on using the
four step public relations plan (research, planning, implementation, and evaluation). You will work on each step throughout the course to create a final plan.
The project is divided into two milestones, which will be submitted at various points throughout the course to scaffold learning and ensure quality final
submissions. These milestones will be submitted in Modules Three and Five. The final product will be submitted in Module Seven.
In this assignment, you will demonstrate your mastery of the following course outcomes:
COM-227-01: Explain how the history of the public relations field influences the contemporary practice of the profession
COM-227-02: Determine an approach to addressing ethical issues in public relations supported by the professional ethics code in public relations
COM-227-03: Develop engaging work appropriate to the field of public relations that accurately reflects AP writing style and best practices
COM-227-04: Utilize the four-step public relations process for informing the development of public relations projects
Prompt
Specifically, you must address the critical elements listed below. Most of the critical elements align with a particular course outcome (shown in brackets).
I.
Research: For this part of the summative assessment, you will perform the first step of the four-step public relations process, research. You will
describe the best practices and appropriate ethical practices in public relations in your presentation.
A. Create at least two slides that provide an overview of how the professional ethics code in public relations guides decision making on conflicts
of interest using examples from the ethics code and connecting them to the field you have selected. [COM-227-02]
B. Create at least two slides that provide an overview of how the professional ethics code in public relations guides decision making regarding
competition among public relations professionals using examples from the ethics code and materials presented in the course. [COM-227-02]
1
C. Create at least two slides that provide an overview of how the professional ethics code in public relations guides decision making regarding
the protection and advancement of accurate and truthful information using examples from the ethics code and materials presented in the
course, these should connect to the type of industry you have selected. [COM-227-02]
D. Discusses best practices for creating presentations in public relations. The notes section should be used, and sources should be properly
cited. [COM-227-03]
II.
Planning: For this part of the summative assessment, you will perform the second step of the four-step public relations process, planning. You will
provide an overview regarding the history of public relations and how it exists today for the industry you have selected. Your slides will be tailored to
the audience of that industry.
A. Create three slides, in your presentation, that discuss the history of PR for your industry, include any major milestones, and how the field
uses PR today. [COM-227-04]
B. Explains what research was found to support ethics and best practices. The notes section should be used and references provided. [COM227-04]
C. The presentation must reflect information for your target audience. [COM-227-03]
III.
Implementing: For this part of the summative assessment, you will perform the third step of the four-step public relations process, implementing.
You will create your public relations presentation that contains historical content meant to educate the audience about the history of the field and
how it exists today. In your presentation you must:
A. Review your overview of the history of public relations including critical milestones and how the field has grown over time. Does any new
information need to be added/changed?
B. Explain the idea of modern public relations. Be sure to support your response with evidence from the course or research. For example, how
is public relations viewed today in this field? How is social media used in public relations? This should be at least two slides. [COM-227-01]
C. Explain how the history of the field has influenced the perceptions of the practice today. Be sure to support your response with evidence
from the course or research. For example, how has the past behavior of professionals in the field influenced the perception of modern public
relations? Include at least two slides that discuss how PR is used in this field today. What is the preferred strategy and why is it effective.
[COM-227-01]
D. Determine an approach that could be used in addressing ethical issues regarding public relations. Be sure to support your response with
evidence from your research and your plan. This could include crisis, violation of policy, development of new technology, etc. [COM-227-02]
E. Utilize best practices and AP writing style throughout your presentation and speaker notes. Be sure that your work accurately and
appropriately aligns with best practices and AP writing style. [COM-227-03]
IV.
Evaluation: For this part of the summative assessment, you will perform the fourth step of the four-step public relations process, evaluation. You will
reflect on your presentation, identifying potential errors or issues in your presentation and how you might go about addressing or improving those
issues. Finally, you will speak to how the four-step process could be used in other avenues of your life. (This will be submitted separately within a
Microsoft Word document.)
2
A. Explain potential ways that any errors or issues in your presentation could be improved and justify your response. [COM-227-04]
B. Explain how your completed presentation benefited from the four-step public relations process. For example, how did the research step
assist in developing your presentation? The planning, implementing, and evaluation steps? How did the process as a whole benefit the
presentation? [COM-227-04]
C. Explain how you could use the four-step process to plan for personal, professional, or academic experiences in the future. Be sure to
support your response with examples. For example, how could the process be applied to an upcoming personal vacation? A project you have
been assigned at work? A research assignment in another course? [COM-227-04]
Milestones
Milestone One: Planning
In Module Three, you will submit the planning section of your final project. This milestone will be graded with the Milestone One Rubric.
Milestone Two: Implementing
In Module Five, you will submit the implementing section of your final project. This milestone will be graded with the Milestone Two Rubric.
Final Submission: Public Relations Campaign
In Module Seven, you will submit your final project. This will include your PowerPoint presentation, along with a Microsoft Word version of your evaluation. It
should be a complete, polished artifact containing all of the critical elements of the final product. It should reflect the incorporation of feedback gained
throughout the course. This submission will be graded with the Final Project Rubric.
Final Project Rubric
Guidelines for Submission: Your public relations campaign must be 18–22 slides in length and must be written in Associated Press style. The evaluation portion
of your final project must be submitted as a 1- to 2-page Microsoft Word document.
Critical Elements
Exemplary (100%)
Research: Conflicts of Meets “Proficient” criteria, and
Interest
examples provided demonstrate
a sophisticated awareness of the
professional ethics code in
public relations regarding
conflicts of interest
Proficient (85%)
Needs Improvement (55%)
Not Evident (0%)
Value
Provides an overview of how the
professional ethics code in
public relations guides decision
making on conflicts of interest
using examples from materials
presented in the course
Provides an overview of how the
professional ethics code in
public relations guides decision
making on conflicts of interest,
but overview is cursory, contains
inaccuracies, or does not use
examples from materials
presented in the course
Does not provide an overview of
how the professional ethics code
in public relations guides
decision making on conflicts of
interest
5.4
3
Critical Elements
Exemplary (100%)
Proficient (85%)
Needs Improvement (55%)
Not Evident (0%)
Value
Research:
Competition
Meets “Proficient” criteria, and
examples provided demonstrate
a sophisticated awareness of the
professional ethics code in
public relations regarding
competition
Provides an overview of how the
professional ethics code in
public relations guides decision
making on competition using
examples from materials
presented in the course
Provides an overview of how the
professional ethics code in
public relations guides decision
making on competition, but
overview is cursory, contains
inaccuracies, or does not use
examples from materials
presented in the course
Does not provide an overview of
how the professional ethics code
in public relations guides
decision making on competition
5.3
Research: Accurate
and Truthful
Information
Meets “Proficient” criteria, and
examples provided demonstrate
a sophisticated awareness of the
professional ethics code in
public relations regarding the
protection and advancement of
accurate and truthful
information
Provides an overview of how the
professional ethics code in
public relations guides the
protection and advancement of
accurate and truthful
information, using examples
from the materials presented in
the course
Provides an overview of how the
professional ethics code in
public relations guides the
protection and advancement of
accurate and truthful
information, but overview is
cursory, contains inaccuracies, or
does not use examples from
materials presented in the
course
Does not provide an overview of
how the professional ethics code
in public relations guides the
protection and advancement of
accurate and truthful
information
5.3
Research: Best
Practices
Meets “Proficient” criteria, and
examples provided demonstrate
a sophisticated awareness of the
best practices for creating and
delivering presentations in
public relations
Provides an overview of the best
practices for creating and
delivering presentations in
public relations, using examples
from materials presented in the
course
Provides an overview of the best
practices for creating and
delivering presentations in
public relations, but overview is
cursory, contains inaccuracies,
or does not use examples from
the materials presented in the
course
Does not provide an overview of
the best practices for creating
and delivering presentations in
public relations
8
Planning:
Presentation
Meets “Proficient” criteria, and
response clearly and precisely
demonstrates consistency in
presenting information
Creates a presentation that is
logical, uses the notes section,
and is tailored to a specific
audience
Creates a presentation flow of
Does not create a presentation
information is provides some
that provides relevant
detail, but the flow of
information
information is cursory or illogical
8
Planning: Research on Meets “Proficient” criteria, and
Ethics and Best
response demonstrates keen
Practices
insight into how previous
research on ethics and best
practices are applied
Explains how presentations
incorporate previous research
on ethics and best practices
Explains how presentations
incorporate previous research
on ethics and best practices, but
explanation is cursory or
contains inaccuracies
8
4
Does not explain how
presentations will incorporate
previous research on ethics and
best practices
Critical Elements
Planning: Audience
Exemplary (100%)
Proficient (85%)
Needs Improvement (55%)
Not Evident (0%)
Value
Meets “Proficient” criteria, and Presentation is developed for
response demonstrates a keen
the audience being presented to
and sophisticated awareness of
the needs of the audience being
presented to
Presentation is somewhat
developed for the audience
being presented to, but
information is cursory or is
inappropriate for the audience
Does not target the presentation
to the audience
8
Implementing:
History of Public
Relations
Meets “Proficient” criteria, and
response demonstrates keen
insight into the critical
milestones in public relations
and how they relate to the
growth and history of the field
Provides a brief overview of the
history of public relations,
including critical milestones and
the growth of the field
Provides an overview of the
Does not provide an overview of
history of public relations as
the history of public relations as
presented in the course, but
presented in the course
overview is cursory, not brief, or
does not include the critical
milestones and growth of the
field
4
Implementing:
Modern Public
Relations
Meets “Proficient” criteria, and
response demonstrates keen
insight into the idea of modern
public relations
Explains the idea of modern
public relations, supporting with
evidence from the course or
prior research
Explains the idea of modern
Does not explain the idea of
public relations, but explanation modern public relations
is cursory, contains inaccuracies,
or is not supported with
evidence from the course or
prior research
4
Implementing:
Practice Today
Meets “Proficient” criteria, and
response makes cogent
connections regarding the
relationship between the past
history of public relations and
the modern practice of public
relations
Explains how the history of the
field has influenced the
perception of the practice of
public relations today,
supporting connections with
evidence from the course or
prior research
Explains how the history of the
field has influenced the
perception of the practice of
public relations today. but
explanation is cursory, contains
inaccuracies, or is not supported
with evidence from the course
or prior research
Does not explain how the history
of the field has influenced the
perception of the practice of
public relations today
4
Implementing:
Approach
Meets “Proficient” criteria, and
response demonstrates a
sophisticated awareness of the
professional approaches to
addressing issues of ethics used
in the field of public relations
Determines a professional
approach that could be used in
addressing ethical issues
regarding public relations with
evidence from prior research
and planning
Determines a professional
approach that could be used in
addressing ethical issues
regarding public relations, but
determination is cursory,
contains inaccuracies, or is not
supported with evidence from
prior research and planning
Does not determine a
professional approach that could
be used in addressing ethical
issues regarding public relations
12
5
Critical Elements
Exemplary (100%)
Proficient (85%)
Needs Improvement (55%)
Not Evident (0%)
Value
Implementing: Best
Practices and AP
Writing Style
Meets “Proficient” criteria, and
presentation and accompanying
speaker notes demonstrate a
sophisticated awareness of
when and how to use best
practices and AP style in public
relations projects
Utilizes appropriate best
practices and AP style
throughout the presentation and
accompanying speaker notes
Utilizes best practices and AP
style throughout the
presentation and accompanying
speaker notes, but utilization
contains inaccuracies or is not
appropriate
Does not utilize best practices
and AP style throughout the
presentation and accompanying
speaker notes
12
Explains potential ways that any Does not explain potential ways
errors or issues in the
that any errors or issues in the
presentation could be
presentation could be improved
improved but does not justify
response, or explanation is
cursory or illogical
4
Evaluation: Improved Meets “Proficient” criteria, and
makes a cogent defense of
potential improvements
Explains potential ways that any
errors or issues in the
presentation could be improved
and justifies response
Evaluation: Four-Step
Public Relations
Process
Explains how the completed
presentation benefited from the
four-step public relations
process
Explains how the completed
presentation benefited from the
four-step public relations
process, but explanation is
cursory or illogical
Does not explain how the
completed presentation
benefited from the four-step
public relations process
4
Explains how the four-step
public relations process could be
used to plan for personal,
professional, or academic
experiences in the future, and
supports with examples
Explains how the four-step
public relations process could be
used to plan for personal,
professional, or academic
experiences in the future, but
explanation is cursory or illogical
Does not explain how the fourstep public relations process
could be used to plan for
personal, professional, or
academic experiences in the
future
4
Submission has no major errors
related to citations, grammar,
spelling, syntax, or organization
Submission has major errors
related to citations, grammar,
spelling, syntax, or organization
that negatively impact
readability and articulation of
main ideas
Submission has critical errors
related to citations, grammar,
spelling, syntax, or organization
that prevent understanding of
ideas
4
Meets “Proficient” criteria, and
response makes cogent
connections regarding the
benefits of the individual steps
of the four-step process and
the process as a whole
Evaluation: Personal, Meets “Proficient” criteria and
Professional, or
provides cogent examples
Academic Experiences regarding the personal,
professional, or academic
applications of the four-step
public relations process
Articulation of
Response
Submission is free of errors
related to citations, grammar,
spelling, syntax, and
organization and is presented in
a professional and easy-to-read
format
Total
6
100%
Evolution in Retail
The Birth of Public Relations
• Edward Bernays used “mass psychology” concept to sell
cigarettes and soaps in 1915 , he also hosted ”over acts” to
which he referred them to subconscious feelings.
• A tobacco company called lucky strike then hired him in
1928 to assist with the ideology of women smoking in
public, which helped expand their market.
• In the 1940’s President Franklin D. Roosevelt created a
group that he called ”top men” to begin propaganda
campaigns, which is essentially now modern PR.
Emails, PCs, and Smartphones
• Prior to all the advanced technologies, we had the
invention of a fax machine. This was created in the 1980’s
and was considered ”today’s fastest-growing area of office
automation and business communication”.
• 1991 was the birth of the world wide web, shortly after
came Microsoft Hotmail that birthed emails. PR
practitioners could send and receive information within
seconds.
• This began the era of instant communication
Rise of Social Media and 24Hour News Channels
• PR practitioners used to wait 24 hours to receive their news. In the 90s, the 24-hour
news channels had made their way. By 2010, it was hard for PR professionals to keep
up and therapists began treating them for FOMO (fear of missing out) syndrome.
• 1997 was the year the first social media site was founded, Sixdegrees.com. However,
it was in the year 2000s that we saw traction in the social media world.
• 2005 Facebook was created.
• 2007 the hashtag was created. This changed the twitter phenomena and has
impacted our PR industry tremendously. This gave everyone the opportunity to bring
awareness to almost anything.
• 2010 Instagram was born.
• 2011 the disappearing act by Snapchat.
• 2016 the social media fake new crisis began
• 2016 TikTok was created , but growth was seen later in 2017-2020
PR in the Retail World
• In the early 1900s, if consumers needed goods they had to shop at local markets.
• By the mid 1900’s we started seeing advertisements and propaganda in press releases
to persuade your thought process about certain topics and merchandise. (cigarettes
in slide 2)
• The late 1900s and early 2000s is where we see the most growth and evolution in PR.
The start of our new world in technologies, constant news, TV/ Radio commercials,
and the internet.
• Now, in 2020, anyone can sell, promote, and purchase anything with the touch of
their finger-tips on multiple free platforms.
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