Question Description
I’m working on a social science multi-part question and need an explanation and answer to help me learn.
Please respond to the following
The use of fire extinguishers should be a part of every company’s fire prevention plan. Discuss your current or previous employer’s position regarding usage of fire extinguishers in the workplace. Have you ever been trained on using fire extinguishers? Did you think the training was beneficial? Why, or why not? Share any experiences with it that you may have. Have you noticed any areas for improvement with regards to Subpart D and your current or past job? Explain.
UNIT II STUDY GUIDE
Subparts D-F
Course Learning Outcomes for Unit II
Upon completion of this unit, students should be able to:
1. Evaluate OSHA policies and interpretations related to OSHA standards.
1.1 Describe two changes OSHA made when revising Subpart D.
5. Apply OSHA safety and health standards to workplace scenarios.
5.1 Establish the required training requirements in Subpart D.
7. Develop internal training based on OSHA regulation.
7.1 Create a training presentation on the Walking-Working Surfaces Standard.
Course/Unit
Learning Outcomes
1.1
5.1
7.1
Learning Activity
Unit Lesson
Unit II PowerPoint Presentation
Unit Lesson
Regulations: “29 CFR §1910.21 – §1910.68”
Unit II PowerPoint Presentation
Unit Lesson
Regulations: “29 CFR §1910.21 – §1910.68”
Unit II PowerPoint Presentation
Required Unit Resources
In order to access the following resource, click the link below.
Please read Subparts D, E, and F (§1910.21–§1910.68) within the following link.
Occupational Safety and Health Administration (n.d.). 29 C.F.R. §1910.21 – §1910.68. Retrieved from
p_keyvalue=1910
Unit Lesson
Introduction
The Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) General Industry Standards can be found at 29
CFR Part 1910. Part 1910 is organized into Subparts A-Z; each subpart is comprised of related standards.
The standards are numbered sequentially, starting with §1910.1 in Subpart A and ending with §1910.1450 in
Subpart Z, so, while it is helpful to be able to identify subparts, only the standard number is really needed to
locate a specific requirement. Subparts A-C are primarily administrative guidelines, explanations, and
definitions. We are not going to specifically cover each of those parts; however, you are encouraged to review
Subparts A, B, and C to help familiarize yourself with what is included there. In this course, we are going to
briefly discuss Subparts D-Z. For this unit lesson, we will be focusing on D-F.
BOS 4025, OSHA Standards
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Subpart D: Walking-Working Surfaces
UNIT x STUDY GUIDE
Title
Approximately 202,066 serious (lost workday) injuries and 345 fatalities occur annually among workers
directly affected by Subpart D (Tennessee Department of Labor & Workforce Development [TOSHA], 2017).
The term lost workday can be used to designate cases involving days away from work and/or days of
restricted work activity beyond the date of injury or onset of illness. The walking and working surfaces
standards encompass §1910.21 through §1910.30. They provide specifications for safe aisles, floors,
walkways, stairs, ladders, and platforms that employees utilize during their workday. In other words, these
standards require a workplace to be free from tripping and slipping hazards and from hazards that might
result in falling from one level to another. Structurally sound ladders, stairs, and platforms with proper railings
and similar systems are required to prevent employees from falling.
After many years, OSHA was able to update this standard with an effective date of January 17, 2017. The
rule incorporates advances in technology, industry best practices, and national consensus standards to
provide effective and cost-efficient worker protection. Specifically, it updates general industry standards
addressing slip, trip, and fall hazards, and it adds requirements for personal fall protection systems. OSHA
estimates this updated rule will prevent 29 fatalities and 5,842 lost workday injuries every year. Each state
plan state had six months from the effective date to adopt standards that are at least as effective as the new
requirements (Department of Labor & Workforce Development, 2017). If you are located in a state plan state,
familiarize yourself with those requirements in addition to the ones required by federal OSHA.
One major change is that this rule applies to all general industry workplaces unless explicitly excluded in the
regulations. The regulation also allows employers to exercise more flexibility when it comes to selecting fall
protection systems. Instead of relying solely on guardrails as a means of protection, employers can now
select from guardrail systems, safety net systems, personal fall arrest systems, travel restraint systems, and
others.
Subpart E: Exit Routes and Emergency Planning
Subpart E includes Standard §1910.33 through §1910.39. These standards were put in place to assure safe
and orderly egress during emergency situations, particularly emergencies related to fire. They apply to all
workplaces in general industry except mobile workplaces such as vehicles or vessels. Standard §1910.34
through §1910.39 cover the minimum requirements for exit routes that employers must provide in their
workplace so that employees may evacuate safely during an emergency as well as minimum requirements for
emergency action and fire prevention plans.
OSHA (n.d.) defines an exit route as a continuous and unobstructed path of exit travel from any point within a
workplace to a place of safety. An exit route consists of three parts:
Standard §1910.36 and §1910.37 deal primarily with egress and exit issues related to the physical
facilities of a given workplace. They include specifications and regulations for exits, exit routes,
doorways, and emergency lighting.
Standard §1910.38 outlines the requirements for an effective Emergency Action Plan to ensure safe
and orderly evacuations from the facility in the case of an emergency. An emergency action plan
must be in writing, kept in the workplace, and available for employees to review; however, any
workplace with less than ten employees may communicate the plan orally.
Standard §1910.39 is the Fire Prevention Plan standard and provides requirements for facilities with
operations that increase the likelihood of fire. As with the emergency action plan, fire prevention plans
BOS 4025, OSHA Standards
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must also be in writing, kept in the workplace, and available for employees
review. Employers
with
UNIT to
x STUDY
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less than 10 employees can communicate the plan orally.
Title
The next time you are walking through your work building, local library,
or municipal building, take a look and see if there are any emergency
plans posted in the building. It is likely you will see emergency exit
signs located throughout. Is there any emergency lighting? How about
fire extinguishers?
The exit access and emergency preparedness standards evolved as a
result of a number of tragic workplace fires that occurred in past
decades. Three very well-known incidents are the Triangle Shirtwaist
Factory fire (image to right), the MGM Grand fire, and the Station
nightclub fire. If you are not familiar with these events, do some
research. There were many changes to the regulations after these
events.
Subpart F: Powered Platforms, Manlifts, and Vehicle-Mounted
Work Platforms
Subpart F is concerned with safe operation of powered platforms,
manlifts, and vehicle mounted work platforms. Standards §1910.66 and Image of the Triangle Shirtwaist
Factory Fire in 1911
§1910.67 deal primarily with powered platforms in tall facilities such as
(The New York World, 1911)
grain elevators and high-rise structures. Many safety professionals will
never have to deal with these issues, but it is still important to be
familiar with the requirements. Standard §1910.67, Vehicle-mounted elevating and rotating work platforms,
has broad application in many industries. These platforms are often used to elevate workers to perform tasks
ranging from changing light bulbs in warehouses to working on outdoor utility lines.
Standard §1910.66, Powered platforms for building maintenance, covers powered platform installations
permanently dedicated to interior or exterior building maintenance of a specific structure or group of
structures. It does not apply to suspended scaffolds (swinging scaffolds) used to service buildings on a
temporary basis or suspended scaffolds used for construction work. Building maintenance includes, but is not
limited to, such tasks as window cleaning, caulking, metal polishing, and reglazing.
Summary
We covered a lot of material this unit with Subparts D, E, and F. If you are new to navigating the OSHA
standards, this may have seemed like a lot to take in. We will highlight some important information from each
subpart; however, be sure to read the standard entirely as there are a lot of other requirements we did not
cover in this lesson. The suggested reading also provides some more specific information for the information
discussed above. Not every standard or provision is applicable to your workplace; however, it is good to have
an understanding of what all of the requirements are and how to locate them if you need to.
References
The New York World. (1911). Image of Triangle Shirtwaist Factory fire on March 25 – 1911.jpg [Photograph].
Retrieved from
Occupational Safety and Health Administration. (n.d.). Walking-working surfaces and fall protection rule.
Retrieved from
BOS 4025, OSHA Standards
3
Tennessee Department of Labor & Workforce Development. (2017, Winter). Together
with Tosha.
Retrieved
UNIT x STUDY
GUIDE
from
Title
Suggested Unit Resources
In order to access the following resources, click the links below.
Learn more about this unit’s topics, by visiting the following websites:
This eTool provides information on emergency action plans, emergency standards, information on developing
an emergency action plan, and additional resources.
Occupational Safety and Health Administration. (n.d.). Evacuation plans and procedures home: Do I need an
emergency action plan? Retrieved from
This website provides an overview of the Triangle Shirtwaist Factory fire.
Occupational Safety and Health Administration. (n.d.). The Triangle Shirtwaist Factory fire. Retrieved from
This website covers Subparts A and B of the OSHA General Industry Standard.
Occupational Safety and Health Administration. (n.d.) 29 C.F.R. §1910.01-§1910.19.
This publication provides a detailed discussion of the fire at MGM Grand.
The National Fire Protection Association. (January 1982). Fire at the MGM Grand. Retrieved from
This website covers emergency exit routes.
Occupational Safety and Health Administration. (2018). OSHA fact sheet: Emergency exit routes.
Retrieved from
BOS 4025, OSHA Standards
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