1. Calculation of net present value, payback period, and accounting rate of return

Year Save Time On Research and Writing Hire a Pro to Write You a 100% Plagiarism-Free Paper. Get My Paper	Cash inflow	Disc @ 13%	Discounted cash flow
0 Save Time On Research and Writing Hire a Pro to Write You a 100% Plagiarism-Free Paper. Get My Paper	$  (800,000.00)	1	$            (800,000.00)
1	$    200,000.00	0.885	$              177,000.00
2	$    210,000.00	0.783	$              164,430.00
3	$    300,000.00	0.693	$              207,900.00
4	$    320,000.00	0.613	$              196,160.00
5	$    340,000.00	0.543	$              184,620.00
Total	$              130,110.00

Year	Cash inflow	Cumulative cash flow
0	$  (800,000.00)
1	$    200,000.00	$              200,000.00
2	$    210,000.00	$              410,000.00
3	$    300,000.00	$              710,000.00
4	$    320,000.00	$           1,030,000.00
5	$    340,000.00	$           1,370,000.00

Payback period = 3 + ($ 800,000 – $ 710,000) / $ 320,000 = 3.28 years

Accounting rate of return = Average net profit / Average investment

     = ($ 13,70,000 / 5) / ($ 800,000 / 5)

     = 1.7125 years.

2.Various methods are used for analysing the acceptability and feasibility of a project or investment. These methods includes the net present value (NPV) approach, accounting rate of return (ARR) approach, payback period and internal rate of return (IRR). Under the payback period method the project is considered as acceptable if the initial investment of the investor is recovered within the asset’s useful life or the time set by the company (Shaban, Al-Zubi & Abdallah, 2017). However, every company has different payback period. Various companies are there that prefer for the payback period that is shorter than the useful life of the asset. Therefore, the payback period is an important factor that must be taken into account while assessing the acceptability of any project (Rossi, 2015). In the given case, the project’s useful life is 5 years whereas the payback period of the project is calculated as 3.28 years. Therefore, if the payback period is taken into consideration to assess the acceptability of the project, the project shall be accepted as the payback period is less than the useful life of the project (Drury, 2013).

On the other hand, the net present value is the difference among the present value of cash outflows and the present value of cash inflows of any project. The NPV approach is used for analysing the profitability and feasibility of the project. If the PV of cash inflows is more than the PV of cash outflows that is if the NPV is positive then the project is considered as profitable and is accepted (Goyat & Nain, 2016). However, if the NPV of the project is negative then the project is not considered as feasible and is not accepted. In the given situation, the project has a useful life of 5 years and the required investment for the project is $ 800, 000. Further, the discounting rate is 13%. After considering the discounted cash inflows the net present value of the project comes to $ 130,110. Therefore, it can be identified that the project is generating positive cash inflows and can be considered as feasible and acceptable (Bora, 2015).  However, the ARR of the project is only 1.7125 as against the required rate of return for 13%. Therefore, if only the ARR is considered then the project shall not be accepted. However, taking into consideration all the other method like payback period and NPV

Moths	Sales
January	$ 640,000.00
February	$ 640,000.00
March	$ 640,000.00
April	$ 640,000.00

The assumed sales levels per month were 400 tonne and the cost per ton was $ 1600. Therefore,   per month sales amount will be = $ 1600 * 400 = $ 640,000.

Moths	Labour cost
January	$     55,650.00
February	$     55,650.00
March	$     55,650.00
April	$     55,650.00

The assumed cost of the labour was $ 26.50 per hour and the timings were 7.5 days per day and the weeks were considered as 4 weeks per month.  Therefore, the labour cost comes to = 7.5 Hrs * 5 days * 4 Week * $26.50 per Hr *14 labours = $ 55,650

4.The companies use the saes budget for preparing the financial plan with the help of the projected sales volume and revenue amount (Whitecotton, Libby & Phillips 2013). The sales budget is used to assess the estimated sales levels along with the help of estimated sales price and estimated sales units. As per the given situation, the company is expected to sell 400 units tonne per month at the rate of $ 1600 per tonne all for the 4 months including January, February, March and April. The labour budget on the other hand, measures the amount of labour cost taking into account the total required labour hour, number of labours required, labour rate per hour and time required per month. As per the given situation and above calculation the required number of labour per month was 14, required labour hours were 7.5 hours per day where the working times were 5 days per week for 4 weeks per month (Braun et al., 2014). The labour rate was $ 26.50 per hour. Therefore, the total labour cost calculated as $ 55,650. As per the given information, there are no possibilities that the company is expecting any reduction or increase in the labour hours. Therefore, labour costs will also be stable over the period under concern (Klychova, Faskhutdinova & Sadrieva, 2014). Thus, the production levels are also expected to be the same.

Particulars	Amount per month
Sales	$         640,000.00
Less
Labour cost	$           55,650.00
Raw material	$         300,000.00
Electricity	$         100,000.00
Administration	$           40,000.00
Total expenses	$         495,650.00
Profit	$         144,350.00
Profit for 4 months	$         577,400.00
Less
Purchase cost of machine	$         800,000.00
Requirement in bank account	$         100,000.00
Total requirement	$         900,000.00
Cash inflow	$        (322,600.00)

It is recognized from the above cash flow statement that if the company opts for purchasing the chemical plant then it will not be able to generate any positive cash inflow and the negative cash inflow will be amounted to $ 322,600. Thus, the company shall opt for purchasing the industrial business to get positive cash inflow.

References

Bora, B. (2015). Comparison between Net Present Value and Internal Rate of Return. International Journal of Research in Finance and Marketing, 5(12), 61-71.

Braun, K. W., Tietz, W. M., Harrison, W. T., Bamber, L. S., & Horngren, C. T. (2014). Managerial accounting. Pearson.

Drury, C. M. (2013). Management and cost accounting. Springer.

Goyat, S. & Nain, A, (2016). Methods of Evaluating Investment Proposals. International Journal of Engineering and Management Research (IJEMR), 6(5), pp.278-280.

Klychova, G. S., Faskhutdinova, ?. S., & Sadrieva, E. R. (2014). Budget efficiency for cost control purposes in management accounting system. Mediterranean journal of social sciences, 5(24), 79.

Rossi, M. (2015). The use of capital budgeting techniques: an outlook from Italy. International Journal of Management Practice, 8(1), 43-56.

Shaban, O. S., Al-Zubi, Z., & Abdallah, A. A. (2017). The Extent of Using Capital Budgeting Techniques in Evaluating Manager’s Investments Projects Decisions (A Case Study on Jordanian Industrial Companies). International Journal of Economics and Finance, 9(12), 175.

Whitecotton, S., Libby, R., & Phillips, F. (2013). Managerial accounting. McGraw-Hill Higher Education.