Features and Construction

DDP is developed on the site of previous Dongdaemun Stadium. The site covers a region of 62,692m2, while the aggregate floor region of building is 86,574m2. The building has a length of 280m, a width of 188m, and a tallness of 34m. It highlights four levels over the ground and three cellar floors consolidating an underground parking spot for in excess of 300 vehicles.

The structure was developed utilizing super bracket and space outline advances, which limited the utilization of segments. The design structures highlight even and vertical lines and surfaces, including intense and coldhearted points as opposed to straight lines and right edges (Asdrubali, Baldinelli & Bianchi, 2017).

Building Information Modelling (BIM) and three-dimensional plan strategies that make more intricate bends contrasted with the two-dimensional structure techniques were utilized amid the development stage.

The outside of DDP is clad with 45,000 aluminum panels, including 14,000 are level boards and 31,000 bended boards. Solid, aluminum, steel and stone were utilized for the development of building’s outside, while the development of insides made utilization of materials including glass fiber strengthen gypsum, acoustic gypsum, strong acrylic board, treated steel, and cleaned stone (Spayde, Mago & Luck, 2018).

Initially, the DDP appears to be open and welcoming, yet the building promptly takes control. Its structure is virtuoso however forceful, driving and deluding its guests. While Hadid asserted the building needs to ‘make individuals think’, it feels like a hamster wheel killing any open door for careful meandering or free musings (Brejnrod, Kalbar, Petersen & Birkved, 2017). In the event that the DDP hasn’t abandoned you completely desensitized, it’s in all probability you will ponder about the conceivable motivation behind this unconventional scene. It’s as far as anyone knows a ‘structure square’, as per its name, however it appears to overwhelmingly comprise of stunningly planned in the middle of spaces. Slanting surfaces, void insides and bended staircases appear to dwarf spaces with a less transitional character, for example, a little, fair plan exhibition hall, some swarmed blessing shops and at times possessed occasion spaces. In general, the DDP appear to be an exceptionally instagramable scene, absent much basis behind its reality evident.

Seoul City where the building is located is on the 37.5665? N, 126.9780? W and 37 m above the sea level. The city has a cold and temperate climate with summers which are full of a good deal of rainfall even as the winters often receive minimal rainfall. The city has an average temperature of 11.9?C with an average rainfall of 1373 mm in a year.  Located at the northwest of Korea, the climate of the region is continental that have cold even though summer winners as well as rainy and sultry summers. Just like the other parts of the country are under the influence of monsoon circulation, the northwest cold currents are prevalent during winter while the hot and humid currents that originate from the tropics are dominant during summer.

Materials and Structure

The mean temperature is some degrees less than freezing during winter which is often associated with uncommon sun and cold winds which blow from the Asian continent. The temperature remains to below the freezing point on cold periods during day times too which may go as low as -20?C on extreme conditions.

The city experiences the rainiest seasons during summer due to the summer monsoon which often occur between June and August and get to more than 800 mm. the rains may be at time torrential. The wettest and the least sunny month of the year is July. The rains decrease during summer and tend to be very rare in October.

the city be may affected by typhoons which are the tropical cyclones of South East Asian from the period between July and October as well as in the second half of June even though this region if less exposed in comparison with the southern coast.

The sunshine amount in Seoul is good in winter as well as spring and autumn and gets to the minimum in July during the prevalence of cloudy skies during to the summer monsoon which leads to the drop of the amount of sunshine by about 27% (Cao, Li, Zhu & Zhang, 2015).

The DDP is furnished with an eco-accommodating and vitality effective geothermal framework, introduced at a profundity of 150m underground. The office keeps up a temperature of around 12 degrees consistently. It is fitted with 88 pipes, warming and cooling the different zones of building.

Hadid’s mark streaming style shapes the Plaza’s numerous bends. Around 45,000 boards in different sizes and degrees of shape were utilized for the façade which is likewise the rooftop. Since the building is blended steel and solid structure and has a very intricate geometry, the development has turned out to be exorbitant and troublesome for the Korean contractual workers (Spayde, Mago & Luck, 2018).  

The façade consolidates a field of pixilation and aperture designs making the building resemble a particular substance now and again and mixing it into the encompassing scene at different occasions. The inherent façade lighting enlivens the building’s appearance. Voids and overlays in the stroll on surfaces offer looks inside (Hajdukiewicz, Byrne, Keane & Goggins, 2015).

Voids puncturing the recreation center surface provide a gaze down into the spaces beneath, and furthermore enable sunlight to pervade the building. The structure is the plain particular consequence of how the specific circumstance, neighborhood culture, automatic prerequisites and imaginative designing meet up – permitting the engineering, city and scene to consolidate in both frame and spatial experience – making a radical new metro space for the city.

BIM and 3D Design Techniques

Seoul has advanced as a soft city with innovative energy from its created framework and its way of life as a learning based city prompting the expansion of high-innovation industrialism. Along these lines, hard plan exemplified by work, capacity and effectiveness, advanced by Chaebols amid Park Chung-hee’s Third Republic is not any more pertinent to the current South Korean setting. To address the circumstance, the DDP distinguishes itself as a multipurpose focus lodging a plan historical center, workmanship displays, presentation lobbies, a strip mall, and tradition assembly rooms (Harrod, Abaraw, Beers & Carmichael, 2014).

Facilitating occasions and displays like the Seoul International Biennale of Architecture and Urbanism, Seoul Fashion Week, Kansong workmanship shows and some more, the DDP is particular from other globally prestigious focuses by its decent variety, its magnificence, and its high-temples joint efforts with acclaimed craftsmen and configuration houses. The DDP sorts out an Open Curating Program with an end goal to enable promising custodians to understand their display thoughts. This program is, in its direction, a venture from the DDP in curating for workmanship and plan (Wei, Skibniewski, Shohet & Yao, 2015).

Soft plan is tied in with bringing knowledge into a high-limit programmable gadget where usefulness leaves from the physical area with the end goal to produce a steady and dependable separation in the market. The DDP has accomplished this correct method of reasoning. Since its opening in 2014, it has held 240 occasions (Harrod et al., 2014). Its show pace and volume is ceaselessly developing – only for this coming autumn season alone, there are eight displays booked. With its energizing system to come, including a review presentation of progenitor of video craftsmanship, Paik Nam June, three Open Curating displays, a Jean-Paul Gaultier show and a Fornasetti show, the Dongdaemun Design Plaza no uncertainty possesses all the necessary qualities as the image of Seoul’s modernisation.

Seoul has propelled a crusade for its ‘Cool Roof’ venture, in which the city will paint rooftops with warm obstruction white paint for nothing, to relieve the warmth island impact and spare vitality. In the late spring, rooftops ingest warm and in the end prompt temperature increments inside structures, causing cooling units to work wastefully. Warm boundary white paint attempts to obstruct from building. Seoul city has named the battle “Cool Rooftop House”, and began to advance the undertaking with a gathering tossed on the housetop of Dongdaemun Shoe Market expanding on Cheonggyecheon Street on June 21. The gathering included exercises such painting the rooftop, and getting a charge out of sustenance and music exhibitions.

Eco-Friendly and Energy-Efficient Systems

The finished façade consolidates a field of pixilation and puncturing designs, which makes dynamic visual impact contingent upon the lighting conditions and occasional changes. It will assume distinctive personalities as the outer condition changes. Here and there, it will look as a solitary substance; here and there, it mixes with the encompassing scene as a major aspect of entire outfit of Dongdaemun (Russell-Smith, Lepech, Fruchter & Meyer, 2015). Around evening time, the building will mirror all the LED lights and neon indications of encompassing structures. With the exchange of inherent façade lighting, the building’s appearance will be vivified and go up against the qualities of its novel urban settings.

Heat Loss Calculations

Heat loss in buildings is normally calculated in two conditions:

Steady conditions; and

Cyclic or unsteady conditions

For the case of steady conditions, there are no changes in the temperature of the inside and outside of the building with variations in time and the different flows heat from the building takes place at constant rate. Assuming a calculation of the fabric heat loss;

Qfabric=rate of fabric heat loss

Energy lost /time= (W)

U=U value of the element considered, (W/M2.K)

A=Area of that element (M2)

ΔT =Difference in temperature assumed for the outside and inside environment. (To-Ti)

-ve value denotes heat loss.

Assuming a space in the building with the following feature:

4m long by 3m wide by 2.5m high. In the walls there are two windows, each 1 m by 0.6m and there is one large door 1.75m by 0.8m.The construction has the following U values in W/m2.K; Windows 5.6, door 2.0, walls 2.5 roofs 3.0, and floor 1.5.The inside environmental or comfort temperature is maintained at 180C while the outside air temperature is 60C.

The volumetric specific heat capacity of the air is taken as 1300J/m.K. There are 1.5 air changes per hour.

The total heat loss rate for the area can be determined under the given conditions as;

Ventilation heat loss

Cv=1300J/m3.K, N= 1.5/hr

V=4 x3 x2.5 =30m3, Δt =6-18=-12

The rate of ventilation heat loss=-195W

The total heat loss=fabric heat loss +ventilation heat loss

= (-1734.24) + (-195W) =-1929.24W

The performance of building with regard to the studied aspects such as ventilation, energy efficiency as well as day lighting demonstrating a lot of challenges with the building with regard to sustainability. A number of strategies are proposed to enhance the performance of the building:

Soft Design and Multipurpose Center

Passive stack ventilation: Passive stack ventilation is the most viable normal ventilation methodology as it employments a mix of cross ventilation, lightness also, the suction impact as the breeze passes the terminal. It may ventilate to double the profundity of cross ventilation, up to multiple times the floor-to ceiling tallness, as the outlet may be in the focal point of a building. It very well may be a powerful night cooling procedure as interior and outer temperature contrasts during the evening are commonly high, so expanding convection (Heinonen, Säynäjoki, Junnonen, Pöyry & Junnila, 2016). PSV stacks may go from expansive focal atria to nearby stacks encouraging to rooftop mounted terminals. Cross breed Also forms of latent stack ventilation frameworks are accessible to pre-warm approaching air in winter and help wind stream amid the hotter summer months.

Roof monitors and light shaves for enhanced daylighting

Rooftop screens or side lighting with south-bound light shelves or high, north transoms may diminish lighting furthermore, cooling loads.

South-bound Roof Monitors

Rooftop screens with vertical south coating, inside puzzles and appropriately measured shades may make uniform lighting having less complexity, give sunlight in spaces far from the edge of building, give inactive warming advantages, what’s more, successfully diffuse and channel lighting. Tragically, rooftop screens must be utilized in single-storey structures or on the best floor of multi-storey structures (Missaoui, Joumaa, Ploix & Bacha, 2014).

Lightshelf reflects the daylight into the space; shading the lower view window

Direct beams are blocked by the south-facing roof monitor with baffles

With south-bound rooftop screens:

• Use light-hued roofing material to reflect daylight into the coating (Preiser, White & Rabinowitz, 2015). At the point when set in front and to the sides of south-bound rooftop screens, the coating territory in the screens may be lessened by up to 30%
• Depend on stratification of warmth inside the screen itself to help lessen cooling loads. Try not to put supply also, return grilles around there; rather, let the warmth stratify.
• Minimize the profundity of roof pit. The profundity of well is essential. The more profound the well, the harder it is for light to reflect down into the space. Figure at left shows the hypothetical reduction in productivity coming about because of profound wells.

North-bound screens, in spite of fact that compelling in giving common light, ordinarily require in any event 25% more coating than south-bound screens to accomplish a similar yearly daylighting commitment. On account of extra coating required and the absence of aloof warmth benefits in winter, they are not as savvy as south-bound screens.

References

Asdrubali, F., Baldinelli, G., & Bianchi, F. (2017). Monitoring and certification activities of the energy and environmental performance of green residential buildings. Zbornik Me?unarodnog kongresa o KGH, 44(1), 1-12

Brejnrod, K. N., Kalbar, P., Petersen, S., & Birkved, M. (2017). The absolute environmental performance of buildings. Building and Environment, 119, 87-98

Cao, X., Li, X., Zhu, Y., & Zhang, Z. (2015). A comparative study of environmental performance between prefabricated and traditional residential buildings in China. Journal of Cleaner Production, 109, 131-143

Hajdukiewicz, M., Byrne, D., Keane, M. M., & Goggins, J. (2015). Real-time monitoring framework to investigate the environmental and structural performance of buildings. Building and Environment, 86, 1-16

Harrod, G. R., Abaraw, M., Beers, B. A., & Carmichael, G. E. (2014). U.S. Patent No. 8,826,165. Washington, DC: U.S. Patent and Trademark Office

Heinonen, J., Säynäjoki, A., Junnonen, J. M., Pöyry, A., & Junnila, S. (2016). Pre-use phase LCA of a multi-story residential building: Can greenhouse gas emissions be used as a more general environmental performance indicator?. Building and Environment, 95, 116-125

Missaoui, R., Joumaa, H., Ploix, S., & Bacha, S. (2014). Managing energy smart homes according to energy prices: analysis of a building energy management system. Energy and Buildings, 71, 155-167

Preiser, W. F., White, E., & Rabinowitz, H. (2015). Post-Occupancy Evaluation (Routledge Revivals). Routledge

Russell-Smith, S. V., Lepech, M. D., Fruchter, R., & Meyer, Y. B. (2015). Sustainable target value design: integrating life cycle assessment and target value design to improve building energy and environmental performance management. Journal of Cleaner Production, 88, 43-51

Spayde, E., Mago, P. J., & Luck, R. (2018). Economic, Energetic, and Environmental Performance of a Solar Powered Organic Rankine Cycle with Electric Energy Storage in Different Commercial Buildings. Energies, 11(2), 276

Wei, H. H., Skibniewski, M. J., Shohet, I. M., & Yao, X. (2015). Lifecycle environmental performance of natural-hazard mitigation for buildings. Journal of Performance of Constructed Facilities, 30(3), 04015042