Types of Policies in the Environmental Management System

The construction Companies often need different types of chemicals or synthetic materials that might be toxic in nature and can harm the environment if released in heavy amounts, hence the companies need to have several environmental management methods.

The different types of policies that are a part of the environmental management system of the company are-

Establishing the different principles of the environmental management system is to identify, classify and assess the risk related to environment. Setting the goal, providing training to the employees and constantly reviewing and monitoring the usefulness of the management system. They are trying to reduce the harmful impacts caused due to their activities and also making the sub contractors to do the same. Providing services that meet the industry guidelines, rules and regulations. Apart from this, they also aim at identifying different environmental risks that could occur as part of their projects or activities and implementing safety measures to mitigate those risks. The sub contractors must also be asked to maintain proper safety measures which might help in checking the harmful impacts. Another important step that the company takes as part of their EMS is spreading awareness throughout the company and the sub contractors through regular training and awareness programs. Each and every member working on a project must be clearly informed about their respective roles in relation to the environmental protection and the environmental risks.

Apart from this, the waste that is released during the construction works must be controlled and treated with proper toxic removal methods and then released into the water bodies or any other waste dumping areas. Along with this, there must be a practice of afforestation carried on by the members of the company as a part of their CSR activities in order to give back to the environment and make the world a better and healthy place to live in.

The results of this environmental policy were satisfactory but not excellent. Though some parts of the policy were learnt by all the employees of the company and also the subcontractors and was duly implemented in their daily work, as a result of which a number of wastes dumped from the construction sites were controlled in considerable amounts and this helped in removing a number of health problems that were earlier a major issue of the nearby local residents.

But at the same time, this practice was successfully carried on only for a short period of time and then it failed to be carried on further because there were several cases, where the employees of the company had to meet the increasing demands and in order to cater to these needs they automatically had to increase the amount of production and the rate of construction taking place on daily basis increased sufficiently, as a result of which, a huge amount of waste was also being released from the construction sites and it was not possible for the company to deal with such huge amount of waste at the same  time. In other words, the company wasn’t sufficiently well equipped to deal with the bulk amount of waste. On the other hand, they had the pressure to meet the huge demand.

Results of the Environmental Policy

As a result of all these failure, the organization has currently brought several changes in their environment management system. It has been made a compulsion that each and every project coming into the hands of the company will have to undergo a thorough check by the environment specialists in order to assess and examine the amount of wastes that it is likely to release in the environment after its completion. After the necessary tests, if seen that the project if undertaken by the company will release huge amount of wastes or chemicals that cannot be treated by the current pollution treatment methods of the company, then that project is suspended from being undertaken, and if it is seen that a particular project can be handled by the company in an organized manner, and that the company will be able to control the amount of wastes that would be released and it would not cause any harm to the environment, in then the project is sanctioned and is undertaken by the company.

The company also uses the CDM regulation that helps to provide information about the proceedings and the resultant outcomes taking place during the ongoing of the project and also on the projects’ completion.

There is a thorough inspection of audits that take place throughout the entire duration of the project. Apart from this, post contract review is also quite helpful to et the results and the findings from the periodic audits to recognize the good and healthy practice and the unhealthy or bad practices or the less effective practices to see the improvement of the system. A thorough check is kept on each and every member of the company including the sub contractors to see if all of them are abiding by the rules and laws of the environmental management system.

The generic elements of the project documentation like the health and safety plan and the pollution control methods including the environmental management plans are implemented in each and every projects being undertaken by the company. This helps to get a thorough review of the project completion by the proper application of all the environmental management strategies and this also enables the management to make the necessary changes in the existing system and improve it further for better results.

The company pays due importance on the training and education of each ad every employee related to not only their skill development but also their responsibilities and duties towards keeping the environment clean. It has been made a mandatory part of the curriculum that all the employees have to attend the educational programs, seminars or the workshops where they are taught about the different aspects of the environmental management system. It is done to make them understand the pros and cons of their activities and how they can develop the simple and healthy habits within themselves to keep their environment clean.

Changes in the Environment Management System

Like every other company that has an Environmental management system, John Holland also has its Environmental management system certified and legalized under ISO 14001:2015. As a result of which, the company naturally is obliged to follow the roles and responsibilities that are a part of this section. This shows how the different levels of the management of the company are involved in the day to day running of the Environmental management system. According to this policy, whether the company is a big or a small scale industry, it has to properly implement the objectives and the strategies of the Environment management plan and see to it that all the employees are playing their bit well, The leader or the Managing Director of the company who is in charge of this policy has to make all his employee follow and abide by the key role and responsibilities.

The commonly seen key roles and responsibilities of the company are-

Ensuring that the EMS meets and satisfies all the requirements of the standards-

In order to make this crucial part implemented properly in the organization, there must be one or two nominated employees who have the clear and perfect knowledge of the roles. If this task rests with only one or two employees then the rate of confusion is also lowered and it can function smoothly.

The company must also ensure that the legislation is always up to date and must be handled by one or two employees with the right know how than being controlled by multiple employees which might slow down the work and also hinder proper implementation.

This is also a crucial part of the entire process because the responsibility does not end only by adopting and implementing the EMS, one has to keep a thorough check on the activities of each employee and their approach towards their work, the way in which they are taking up their responsibilities and maintaining their duties. All these information are to be tracked, recorded and properly reported to the top management so that they can take the necessary steps as and when needed. The reporting is indeed an essential part of the entire process.

This is something that depends on the size of the company, the strength of the workers working in the company, a number of orders that they receive etc. A company like John Holland which is a considerable big company will definitely need a good amount of employees who are well trained and well versed in the different aspects of EMS. The organization makes sure that all its employees are thoroughly trained and informed about the detailed information of the policy and the company at the same time ensures that the employees are well communicated and are competent in each and every term of the EMS objectives, initiatives, and results.

Key Roles and Responsibilities of the Company

John Holland pays sufficient importance to the fact that the monitoring and evaluation of the process are done smoothly. It keeps a regular check on the activities and approach of the employees and how the top management plays their role in making the employees know about the importance of environmental management. Making the people know about the importance and the necessity of keeping their environment clean and examining whether the available resources at the disposal of the company are sufficient enough or not. Lastly, it also makes sure that the proceeding of the EMS is regularly being reported to the top management and at the same time being reverted by the same to the employees.

ISSUES	TOOLS/METHODS USED	TIME SPAN
Air quality	To check that no air pollutants are emitted into the air from construction site	Daily basis of the construction process
Water quality	Proper preventive measures, reduced usage of soluble wastes before being released into water.	Monthly basis that is after every month the checking of the water quality is to be done.
Noise	Earplugs, and other sound proof machineries	Day to day basis
vegetation	Forests, protected lands, ponds, wetlands etc are to be kept under strict check.	Before beginning the project and also during the project.

Two of the site EMPs can be the infrastructure construction (to see if any protected area or forested area or trees are being hampered) and the management of toxic materials that are discharged from the construction site.

The infrastructure construction is one of the major tenants of the EMPs of any construction organization. The construction companies usually need to construct several buildings including hospitals, hotels, bridges, shopping malls etc on different locations. So, it really very important for the company to d a thorough survey of the land on which the construction is about to take place, in other words, the company must see to it that whether any forests or protected areas are being hampered or not. No damage can be caused to ay forested areas, wetlands. Deforestation is strictly prohibited. If there are a good amount of trees located in the vicinity then those trees are to be removed very carefully with their roots unharmed and then planted in some other area. There will be no unlicensed borrow pits, waste dumping in any adjacent areas. Landfills or filling up of water bodies for construction purposes is restricted.

As far as the waste management is concerned, the wastes shall be transported by special carriers and disposed of in a licensed facility. Paints with any toxic chemicals are to be avoided. During the entire duration of the projects, the wastes must be stored in safe containers in the construction sites and must be labeled with the detailed information of composition and handling details. These two acts have similarities and differences as well. One is concerned with infrastructure while the other with managing the disposal of toxic wastes. But at the same time, both aim at reducing the amount of waste disposal in the environment and aim at making the environment a better place to live in.

Site EMPs for Construction Companies

There are several legal rules that make up the EMP, the EMP made by the company has to be certified under the section ISO2014 and has to be properly updated from time to time. It is also marked by many legal acts like Environmentally hazardous chemicals act 1985, Dangerous goods act 1975, Ozone p4otection act 1989, contaminated land management act 1997, National environment protection council act 1995etc.

Legal obligations(requirements)	Their importance
Prohibition of construction near forests or wetlands, or residential areas.	Preventing the land contamination which in turn reduces harm to human health, the inhabitants of the residential areas can live in peace.
Prohibition on deforestation	Increases the amount of oxygen in the environment
Prohibition of storage of toxic goods on construction side	This will make the employees alert and they will get rid of the wastes immediately after finishing off with the work so that there is no accumulation of toxic elements on the construction sites.
Prohibition on storing or using environmentally hazardous chemicals	Chemicals that have been legally declared toxic are prohibited to be used in any of the construction activities. Dioxin contaminated wastes and polychlorinated biphenyl wastes are strictly prohibited
Prohibition on making excessive loud noise	Helps in increasing sound pollution and prevents chances of disease in children and old generation of people.

Legal obligations(requirements)	Their importance
Prohibition of construction near forests or wetlands, or residential areas.	Preventing the land contamination which in turn reduces harm to human health, the inhabitants of the residential areas can live in peace.
Prohibition on deforestation	Increases the amount of oxygen in the environment
Prohibition of storage of toxic goods on construction side	This will make the employees alert and they will get rid of the wastes immediately after finishing off with the work so that there is no accumulation of toxic elements on the construction sites.
Prohibition on storing or using environmentally hazardous chemicals	Chemicals that have been legally declared toxic are prohibited to be used in any of the construction activities. Dioxin contaminated wastes and polychlorinated biphenyl wastes are strictly prohibited
Prohibition on making excessive loud noise	Helps in increasing sound pollution and prevents chances of disease in children and old generation of people.

One of the most important aspects of EMP can be the management of chemicals and toxic wastes. This indeed is very useful as it makes the company use proper waste management and control methods. This helps in reducing the dumping of toxic wastes and thus lowers the rate of health hazards.

Construction companies usually have the pressure of completing huge projects in a short period of time along with the pressure of meeting the new and changing demand of the customers, as a result of which willingly or unwillingly, these companies often adopt some short cut and unhealthy methods, which turns out to be harmful to the environment. The chemical waste management is often properly adopted by the companies in order to prevent the harmful chemicals from being released into the environment but at the same time the company might fail to abide by this rule and some amount of the toxins and chemicals might be dumped into the environment without proper treatment which might cause hazardous impacts on the nearby flora and fauna and on the human health.

This can be improved by planning the EMP in an organized manner and keeping a thorough check upon the proper implementation of the plan and by proper monitoring, evaluating and reporting.

There are five key components of an EMP that can be used to gather information about the EMP performance, which involves commitment and policy making in the first phase, followed by the planning, then comes the implementation phase where the principles of the EMP are properly implemented and enforced in the company, which is followed by the evaluation that is to check whether the employees are abiding by the rules and maintaining their duties or not.

The data provided by these systems will be reported to the top management on daily or weekly basis so that proper action can be taken for the proper functioning of the EMP. If any errors are detected, then the company can take the necessary methods to solve them.

Information that the EMP will produce are

Air quality maintenance- whether the construction works is able to manage the usage of pollutants and keep the air clean.

Water quality- the water in the close proximity of the construction is kept clean or is being polluted.

Noise- The residents living in the surrounding areas must not be facing any problem related to noise pollution.

Preservation of flora and fauna- the construction activities must not harm the forests, or any protected areas located in and around the construction site.

Some of the remedial measures that are to be included can be better specification related to wastewater network, the waste control methods must be improved further.

John Holland is such a company that understands the importance of home or residences. They know that home is so much more than just an abode or a place of shelter. Hence the company makes sure that the residential projects undertaken by them are able to accommodate all that what customers are looking for and they also make sure that they are able to cater to the needs and demands of the customers. One of the major aspect that they are concerned about and pay a huge amount of importance on is the environmental management planning of the residential projects.

There must be the proper implementation of the environmental management plan so as to ensure that the construction going on does not cause any harm, big or small to the surrounding areas. The company will do a thorough research of the land on which the construction is about to take place, to ensure that if the land is falling under any protected land area holding or whether there are any forests or wetlands or plantation in the close vicinity of the forests. If any, it will have to stay unharmed.

 If there are any plants or tall trees growing around in the close proximity of the site, it will have to be uprooted from the ground by keeping its root unharmed, so that it can be planted later elsewhere. If the construction site needs l carry on a mass scale deforestation or removing and destroying the natural habitat of the flora and fauna then the company will have to look for new construction site because the company does not believe in making money at the cost of the environment. They must try their level best to keep the environment protected and unharmed.Some of the important aspects that are to be taken I to account are

The company must adopt this approach to ensure that the energy consumption of the building is not harming the environment in any way. They must rather focus on the ways of optimizing the energy usage of the residential building. In other words, the construction purposes often need to use energy sources like coal, tar, wax etc which might include burning of wax, or several other forms of chemicals etc that tend to emit harmful fumes into the environment this causing pollution. The environmental policy makes the company adopt preventive measures to control the emission of such harmful fumes into the air and help in checking pollution.

The company must make an estimate to gain an average idea of the total amount of water that they will require during the entire construction process. As the project is the construction of a huge number of residential buildings, so there will obviously be the need of using a large number of water pipes, fittings etc. The company must make sure to use efficient fittings and pipelines so as to reduce the undue wastage of potable water.

The company must make sure that no harm is being caused to the environment from their activities, which might include adopting preventive measures while releasing the construction wastes. The company must have proper safety storage system which will help in storing the wastes with proper treatment so that no pollution is caused to the environment. The sewage or the liquid wastes must also be discarded by following proper pollution treatment methods.

The company must make sure that the designing and the construction of the building must be done in such a way that the daylight and fresh air is made available to all the inhabitants living in each of the apartments (Derbez et al 2014). The interiors must be such that it provides the maximum daylight to the inhabitants ( Yates 2014)

The company also must try and inculcate several green activities along with an amalgamation of the new technologies, which are innovative and have potential environmental benefits (Zhang et al 2015).

The company must ensure that no harm is being caused to the environment due to their activities. The construction process must not use any such chemicals or paints that might emit harmful fumes or pollutants into the air (Colborn et al 2014).

It is the responsibility of the company to see that there is no dumping of harmful chemicals or soluble wastes into any water body or drinking water system located in and around the building. There must also be an initiative taken by the company to preserve potable water and check its wastage for construction purposes (Aguilar, Sheffield and Welch 2014).

The construction of such a large scale project will definitely use several heavy types of machinery that can cause sound and vibration that often tends to cause harm to children and old generation of people. But it is the duty of the company to make sure that they make use of sound proof machinery and try to create less noise and vibration and thus check issues of health hazards like impairment of hearing etc (Belayutham,  González and Yiu 2016).

The company must cause no harm to the soil level of the construction site (Yeheyis et al 2013).

Their main aim should be conserving and protecting the nature and causing no harm to the environment.

The company must make sure that no waste from the construction site is being dumped in and around the residential areas. The nearby local residents must not be facing any issues related to cleanliness or pollution. The construction site must be equipped with proper garbage dumping systems and there must be the accommodation of proper preventive measures to check pollution. No soluble wastes are to be dumped into any water bodies and there must not be the usage of any materials that are toxic in nature (Woinarski, Burbidge and Harrison 2014). The company must be properly equipped with garbage disposal and waste management methods. The wastes that are released every day from the construction sites must be properly treated and made pollution free before being disposed of.

It must be the duty of each and every member of the company involved in the task to understand their roles and responsibilities in maintaining a clean and healthy environment. There must be regular seminars done in order to make every worker aware about their duties towards maintaining the environmental management system.

The construction company must make sure that after the implementation of the EMP, it is being properly followed by all the members of the company. This makes the management to know whether the employees are taking up their responsibilities seriously or not. The proceedings of this EMP must be reported on a daily or weekly basis so that the management is able to understand the performance of each employee towards this Environmental management plan.

As far as the audit is concerned, the company was successful in implementing some of the policies that were led down in the EMP, some of it was followed and results are also quite satisfactory. This is evident from the fact that, there was no garbage or waste dumping that was done in the nearby areas as a result of which there were o issues related to cleanliness ( Rashidi, et al 2014)

Apart from this, the company also had used proper waste storage facilities within the construction site itself as a result of which there were no incidences of poor smell or pollution within the construction site or outside (Yeheyis et al 2013).

There was also no harm caused to the natural surroundings, no cases of indiscriminate cutting down of trees have been recorded, no harm was caused to the natural habitat of plants and animals, the wetlands and forests and any protected areas were also kept unharmed. No danger has been caused to the lives of men and animals living in the close proximity of the forests. The company was thus, successful in making some part of the EMP successful.

At the same time, there were some drawbacks as well. As per the EMP report that was submitted to the top management, the company failed to implement and follow some of the rules of the environmental management plan. The residents living in and around the construction site complained of noise and vibration and this was a major issue especially among children and the older generation of people, the same issue was also reported by some of the members who have already started living in some of the apartments of the Green Paradise Residence project. The people were not only disturbed by the noise during the course of their day to day work but also feared issues of loss of hearing etc.

Apart from this, though there was the management of the solid wastes the liquid wastes were not managed properly. There was the dumping of the liquid wastes like chemicals, paint and several other toxic materials into the water bodies located nearby. There was also the issue of unclear and dirty drinking water and improper drainage system. Due to the releasing of the soluble liquid wastes directly into water without proper treatment, there was a great damage caused to the cultivation area that was located nearby and there were also chances of several health problems especially within the infants (Matte et al 2013).

In order to overcome all these weaknesses of the EMP, the company needs to follow some of the preventive measures like having proper drainage systems around the construction site, so that the liquid wastes can properly be discarded and disposed of. Apart from this, the company must also have some methods of segregating the waste water and the pure water, this indeed s a major issue in any construction site (Vidic et al 2013). There must be chances of getting the drinking contaminated which will be used by the people for drinking or for other household purposes. There must be separate pipelines, and waste water storage tanks and proper dumping areas where the waste water is to be collected.

Apart from this, the company must also reduce the usage of toxic materials into their construction activities ( Shiers et al 2014).

Another recommendation for the company is to reduce the noise that is created due to the heavy machinery that is used during their day to day activities ( Zheng and Kim 2014).They can carry on their works within some sound proof areas, especially those activities that cause huge noise thus creating noise pollution (de, Costa and Araújo 2016) Even while working with such machinery, the workers themselves must use proper protections like ear plugs so that they remain unaffected due to that heavy sound around them (Liu et al 2017). 

1. Key components of EMP

Key components	Their importance
Prohibition of construction near forests or wetlands, or residential areas.	Preventing the land contamination which in turn reduces harm to human health, the inhabitants of the residential areas can live in peace.
Prohibition on deforestation	Increases the amount of oxygen in the environment
Prohibition of storage of toxic goods on construction side	This will make the employees alert and they will get rid of the wastes immediately after finishing off with the work so that there is no accumulation of toxic elements on the construction sites.
Prohibition on storing or using environmentally hazardous chemicals	Chemicals that have been legally declared toxic are prohibited to be used in any of the construction activities. Dioxin contaminated wastes and polychlorinated biphenyl wastes are strictly prohibited
Prohibition on making excessive loud noise	Helps in increasing sound pollution and prevents chances of disease in children and old generation of people.

Types of environmental aspects that can be adversely affected are the forests or the protected areas, the health of the people living nearby, destruction of land, pollution of water due to garbage dumping, noise pollution, emission of ozone.

The construction site can use several heavy types of machinery that create a huge sound which might hamper the hearing ability of the infants and the elder generation of people. Indiscriminate cutting down of the trees due to construction purposes might hamper the natural habitat and increase the amount of carbon dioxide in nature thus causing pollution, water pollution might be caused due to garbage disposal in the water bodies (Yang 2017).

The staffs can be informed through proper workshops, seminars and awareness programs about the EMP objectives ( Mutharasi, Srinivasa and Saravanane 2016)

In case an overnight rain has washed away barriers and there is the spillage of toxic materials around in a locality, the first thing to be done is to get the people at a distant place far from the area of accident, if anyone is already affected, they must be given immediate medical care and the entire area must be washed and properly cleaned with disinfectants, and pollution control methods so that no further damage is created (Zheng et al2015).

The monitoring can be done by keeping a strict check on whether all the staffs are properly following the key roles and responsibilities of the EMP. The reporting of the EMP must also be done on a regular basis.

Conclusion

Thus, it is concluded that EMP is highly important for each and every company. The construction companies must make an EMP and properly implement it so that there is no harm caused to the environment due to their activities. They must pay full importance to the fact that there is no air, water or soil pollution taking place around the construction site. They must also have proper preventive measures to check pollution.  The company must make sure that there is no indiscriminate cutting down of trees nearby the construction site and there must be a strict check on the indiscriminate dumping of wastes so as to give their customers a healthy and happy life. 

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