ATM Cells and Layers

ATM stands for Auto Teller machine is considered to be considered to be an important tool which is used in various zones. ATM is also referred to as a kind of cash machine which is used for dispensing cash (Baroud, Benmiloud & Benalia, 2015). It is a kind of computerized telecommunication which provides financial institutes like bank to establish a secure communication by providing proper kinds of access to bank accounts.

In the coming pages of the report an idea has been provided regarded ATMs. Various kinds of topics like Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM), ATM cells, standard support of ATM has been provided with respect to Collin ATM. A proper architecture of ATM subsystem has been discussed. Various kinds of system level process and libraries has been discussed.

The subsystem of Collin ATM provides a proper kinds of access to various ATM networks from a non-stop series kind of server. The system of this ATM provides support for User-Network interface (UNI) with a speed of 155 Mbps which comes up with Synchronous optical network (SONET) connection.

ATM protocol is generally based on packet-switched, architecture of broadband network which makes use of cell-relay mechanism for proper transferring of data, voice and information related to video call. ATMs are generally organized into various kinds of layers and planes. Various kinds of layers generally define the services which are related to cell creation, paths and channels and translation of protocol by making use of communication services.

Various kinds of layers are physical layers, ATM layers, ATM Adaptation layer (AAL). The physical layer generally corresponds to layer 1 of the seven layer OSI references model.  This layer generally handles bit-timing and also checks the validity of cells created and transmitted. ATM layer will provide cell headers and trailer, virtual channels and paths which provides unique identifiers and multiplexers cells. This layer is sometimes also known as service- independent. ATM adaptation layer (AAL) provides proper kinds of translation between ATM and other services which is involved in transmission. AAL consist of four kinds of classes which makes use of five protocol and two kinds of sub layers.  

The various kinds of classes are

• Class A is generally used for constant bit rate of data which is generally used for transmission of voice data.
• Class B is used for bit rate at variable instance and appropriate transmission of video data. Class B makes use of AAL 2 protocol.
• Class C is used for connection based transmission of data. It makes use of AAL 3 or AAL 5 protocol.
• Class D makes use of connectionless data transmission. It makes use of AAL or AAL 5 protocol.

The two kind of sublayers are:

• Convergence layer easily provides interface for various kinds of services.
• Segmentation and reassembly (SAR) sublayer, packages variables sizes which consist of fixed size cell for transmission and repackages.

The plane generally specifies domain for activity which is present in the protocol. The planes in the ATM protocol are:

Control plane: Calls and connection are generally established and maintained by control plane.

The ATM Protocol

User plane: Various kinds of users round the globe makes use of Network and layer management which generally occurs on the user plane.

Management plane: Network and management layer generally occurs on the management plane. This particular plane also coordinated the various kinds of planes and manages resources for the layers.

The ATM protocol consist of two kind of interfaces like UNI and network node interface (NNI). The UNI generally connects the end user to a particular network through ATM switch or other devices, supplying various kinds of network access to end users. The NNI connects nodes within a network each other and provides proper kind of routing.

ATM cells generally consist of 5-octet header and 48-octate data or section of payload. The 48-Octet payload is nothing but a SAR protocol data unit (SAR) to which header is generally attached. Many times most of the bits in the header are used for path and channel identification. The header also contains a cell of lost priority(CLP) bit and a header error control (HEC) boundaries. Cells are generally byte-oriented, and a header field can be easily extended over the byte kind of boundaries. In a cell bit order generally goes from left to right, and across octets of bit orders goes down as an octet to upwards.

• ATM UNI specification supports only two versions that 3.0 and 3.1.
• Request of Comment (RFC) focus on classical internet protocol and Address based protocol (ARP) for various kinds of ATM.

The ATM Subsystem is generally being made up of Software process and hardware components libraries and services which is inclusive of:

• System level process and various libraries
• Providers of ATM (Asynchronous Transfer Mode)
• Clients of ATM
• Subsystem management for ATM.
• SFC objects for ATM subsystem.
• Hardware for ATM Server Net adapters

ATM Subsystem makes use of shared memory Segment which is provided by QIO subsystem. It generally helps moving ownership of data of various kinds of data between process. Subsystem also makes use of QIO based or depended driver/ interrupt handlers which is used for communication for adapters over the Server Net SAN. The driver generally controls the Server Net adapters by making use of system library routines which is accessible for each kind of process that is needed for use in ATM subsystem.

ATM (Asynchronous Transfer Mode) generally provides various kinds of processes which is used by ATM subsystem for sending and receiving data on various kinds of ATM networks which is attached on the system. TCP or IP is considered to be the only ATM service provider which is supported at present.

QIO API clients are some kinds of protocols subsystem which establishes communication with various kinds of ATM service providers. This mainly focus on

• Expansion of connection through QIO application by making use of Application programming Interface (API) to TCP/IP for providing expansion of IP capability.
• Transmission Control Protocol or Internet protocol provides proper kind of connectivity to TCP/ IP to a network.

ATM clients are nothing but certain kind of process, user application or any kind of subsystem which can be easily used. ATM service providers an idea which can be connecting to ATM network attached to Nonstop kind of server.

Planes in the ATM Protocol

The subsystem of ATM processes focuses on the way for managing and controlling of ATM subsystem. Subsystem Manager process is also known as ASM process. The ASM process is considered to be the central point of management to all the ATM subsystem connection in a Nonstop S-series server. The process of ASM generally runs as a process pair and can easily run in processors with value 0 and 1. It can perform a certain number of task like:

• Acceptance of request from Distributed System Management (DSM) from various SFC module through Subsystem Control point (SCP).
• Starting of each manager process (AMPs) in each processors and maintaining of process on a constant basis.

AMP is set of controlling process which is used in ATM subsystem. The process generally requests for AMP residing in particular kinds of processor. ASM processor generally creates a manager in each kind of processors which is defined in the attributed system. If there is failure of manager’s process, then ASM will begin from it. Each kind of can easily perform a certain number of function like

• Initialization of QIO interface to the ATM3SA.
• Creation of data structures representing all the adapters and lines.
• It also handles various kinds of reports from DIH’s.

DIH provides a proper kind of interface for ATM adapters for clients performing transfers between a Non Stop S-series server and an ATM kind of Adapter.

Conclusion 

From the above discussion it can be provided that this report is all about Collin ATM subsystem. In the discussion portion of the report an idea has been provided regarded Asynchronous transfer mode and different kinds of plane like control, User and management has been discussed. An idea has been provided regarding ATM cells. Various kinds of Standard support of ATM has been discussed in details. Architecture of ATM subsystem has been provided in details. ATM can also be defined as self-service bank terminal which accepts deposit and withdrawal of cash. ATMs can easily provide benefit to both bank and customers. Various kinds of system level process and libraries has been discussed in details. An idea has been provided regarding ATM manager’s processes. Driver/ Interrupt handle (DIH) has also been discussed in detail.

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