Appraisal Of Evidence

Hygiene is the basic practice that people are taught since their childhood. Different cultures throughout the world have been having different approaches towards how a person should perform this action. However, due to the advancement in technology and the spread of knowledge between the cultures, different approaches have been laid out to improve this aspect. Different people, as a result, have been informed to practice these actions through several types of hygiene. These types include the oral, body, face, hair, foot, and handwashing hygiene among many others. Here in Australia, we have been facing several issues on how handwashing hygiene should be carried out. As a matter of fact, this essay shall focus on two sections that will be an appraisal of evidence and the reflection on the learning about the evidence-based practice.

Different authors have presented the issue on handwashing barriers that our health care officials face here in Australia. Their thoughts have included in the following description.

1) Controlling Infection Through Correct Hand Hygiene

a) Summary

In this article, as written by The Australian Hospital Healthcare, several thoughts on handwashing actions have been explained (The Australian Hospital Care, 2015). It starts by indicating the importance of handwashing among the healthcare officials in saving the lives of the patients that they attend to. This is because most of the patients that are not taken care of effectively by their caregivers end up suffering from in-hospital related ailments. The article proceeds and indicates that handwashing practice by these officials helps in the reduced price of healthcare across the nursing sector. This fact is because it is a cheap action as well as a quick one that does not involve any manipulation of resources.

b) Gaps

In this article, the authors have described several factors that are the barriers to effective handwashing including the following. The first barrier included the heavy work that the health professionals had to handle. For instance, a health care professional may be loaded with too much work in his or her respective working zone. As a result, the person will always have very short time to care about the little things such as washing his or her hands which is a key action in nursing. Secondly, the article described that healthcare providers face the problem of perception that handwashing consumes a lot of time (Campbell, 2017). Having such a perception changes the attitude that the professional nurses and their respective workmates have towards the action. For instance, healthcare providers may simply be in a hurry to serve a starving patient with his or her food. However, they fail to wash their hands while serving the meals. As a result, the patient may be infected with new ailments such as typhoid (Hirschhorn, et al., 2018). The third barrier that this article puts to light is the poorly installed handwashing sinks. Poor installation of the water sinks may result in the worsening of the working conditions for these working professionals. Thus, many nurses and other caregivers will simply prevent themselves from washing their hands in order to avoid further infections. Finally, the article describes that the irritation that the water may come with while the caregivers are washing their hands may cause them simply to avoid washing their hands. The causes of the water irritation may be germ infection or mixture with other solutions such as acids and/or farm chemicals (Komar, et al., 2017). This fact makes the nurse professionals not want to wash their hands over multiple times during their duty performance.

Part One: Appraisal Of Evidence

c) Bottom line statement

The above factors will simply make the nurses be reluctant from washing their hands.

d) Recommendation

The author in this article starts with the description of how the whole world suffers from contamination related to infection transmission. However, he shifts his focus locally to Australia forgetting to include data from other places and how much care has been delivered to such places. My recommendation would be the author to critically perform more research and provide more data on other places suffering from the same infection.

2) Hand Hygiene and Infection Control – How Effective Handwashing Can Save Lives

a) Summary

In the second article, the author, Zoe Hughes, highlights the Work Health and Safety Bill that is all about the protection of health care nurses and their stakeholders from further infection (Hughes, 2017). The author goes on and indicates that the bill requires these nursing professionals to thoroughly wash their hands as it aids in meeting its objectives. In a short summary given by the author, he indicates that 20 hospitals, in Australia, were engaged in a research on handwashing and the outcome it has on the reduction of disease transmission. The author reports that the hospitals had a correlating record between the handwashing and the reduction of the infection transmission (Weaver, 2015). In summary, he indicates that those hospitals that consistently washed the nurses’ hands had a good record of close to no infection transmissions when compared to those that did not.

b) Gaps

In this article, the author gives a record of the causes of infection in the hospitals including the following. He starts with the presence of bacteria, then cross-contamination, and then the transmission to the patients. The process that the transmission of the bacteria has been through the presence of the bacteria, the bacteria landing on the hands of the care professionals and then directly coming into contact with the patients (Johnson, 2018).

c) Bottom line statement

In conclusion, the author indicates that the World Health Organization, WHO, has established the guidelines that every nursing professional must use for the best health of the patients visiting the care facility.

d) Recommendation

The author does not indicate that causes of the delay in the handwashing of these nursing professionals. Thus, my recommendation would be the author to critically do more research on the causes of the failure of these nursing professionals.

From part one above, I have learned that there are a number of barriers that prevent the nurses from effective handwashing. However, I have noticed that there are other risk factors that are associated with the poor hand hygiene including nurse’ status, wearing gloves, the automatic sinks, and working on the intensive care units (Pawlikowski, Rico, & Van Sell, 2018). On the other hand, I came to understand the full evidence-based practice at its application in hand hygiene as described in the following.

a) The EBP processes and quality

The evidence-based practice has a number of steps including asking the relevant questions, seeking the best solution, and the critical appraisal of the evidence. It also has the integration of the nurse’s capabilities with the clinical expertise, outcome evaluations, and assessment of the outcome. This process enables the nurses to not only wash their hands effectively but also to understand the nursing value it has to the patients (Schober, 2016). As a result, the quality of the care being delivered to the patient will always be high as they are considered first by not contracting further infection to them.

b) EBP relevance in my future nursing practice

The employment of the EBP in the nursing sector facilitates better care to the patients. On my personal side, I will be able to use the EBP procedures in making the best solutions out of the most relevant questions and situations I may face. I will able to consider what the patients need most instead of my desires first (Gibson & Markovic, 2015). In addition, I will be able to improve the health conditions of these patients since they will be less exposed to further infections contracted from the clinic.

References

Campbell, W. T. (2017). Early Evidence-Based Practice (EBP). Florence Nightingale and the Pavilion-Style Hospital.

Gibson, B. E., & Markovic, D. (2015). A Systematic Review: Immediate and Maintenance Effects of Interventions on Handwashing Compliance in Healthcare Workers.

Hirschhorn, L., Krasne, M., Maisonneuve, J., Kara, N., Kalita, T., Henrich, N., et al. (2018). Integration of the Opportunity?Ability?Motivation behavior change framework into a coaching?based WHO Safe Childbirth Checklist program in India. International Journal of Gynecology & Obstetrics.

Hughes, Z. (2017, August 21). Infection Control – How Effective Hand Washing Can Save Lives. Retrieved 2018, from Ausmed: https://www.ausmed.com/articles/hand-hygiene/

Johnson, S. (2018). Combating hospital-acquired c. diff. Nursing management, 16-22.

Komar, J., Kovacic-Mauer, V., Gardner, L., & Popik, M. (2017). Hand Hygiene to Prevent Infections. Journal of PeriAnesthesia Nursing, 32(4), e31-e32.

Pawlikowski, P., Rico, N., & Van Sell, S. (2018). Positivism: A Concept Analysis.

Schober, K. (2016). Implementation of Infection Control Bundle in a Freestanding Inpatient Rehabilitation Facility.

The Australian Hospital Care. (2015, August 19). Controlling Infection Through Correct Hand Hygiene. Retrieved 2018, from The Australian Hospital Care: https://www.hospitalhealth.com.au/content/nursing/news/controlling-infection-through-correct-hand-hygiene-196205954#axzz5UBKamxtv

Weaver, L. L. (2015). Effectiveness of work, activities of daily living, education, and sleep interventions for people with autism spectrum disorder: A systematic review. American Journal of Occupational Therapy, 69(5), 6905180020p1-6905180020p11.