Mapping and designing of nature and the distribution of Marine habitat

The great diversity of plant and animal life on this earth is called biodiversity. The biodiversity is important for the ecosystem, and it is desired to maintain the equilibrium of the environment to ensure the sustainability of the earth along with the plants and animal of the earth. In another word, biodiversity is a range of life on earth. The wide ranges of a living organism from the entire sources including the terrestrial, marine, as well as other aquatic ecosystem are an element of biodiversity. The biodiversity and the climate changes are widely interrelated, and the recent climate changes take place due to misbalance of biodiversity.  To protect the biodiversity, the government authorities decide to protect some areas so that the ecosystem can be managed in a proper way and the earth along with the human civilization sustain.

The mapping of the marine habitat seems to be the fundamental requirement for the purpose of providing the various types of the habitats, and thereby the identification of the habitat can be appropriately indicated by the help of the hot spots of the habitat diversity. The maps help in permitting the changes which are being detected and also enables the doubling of the multi-zoning schemes. Although the management of the coastal regions becomes essentials, the habitat fragmentation is based on the development of the habitats, and also the enhancements are being made on the terminologies that are being constructed for the enhancement of the ecology (Horwath et al. 2000). The fragmentation depicts the crucial environment which is being indicated as the basis of the working environment. It thereby also enables the development with designing the entire workforce. The main aim of designing the coastal environment or the marine environment is to protect the environment with applying the steps of the biodiversity. The animals and the other species belonging to the water must be saved for the enhancement of the region, and thereby the environment impact can be reduced. It also enables the stability in the environment with the development of the marine biodiversity classifications. The enhancement of the system will enable the development of the work in the form of the expanding the process for the redesigning the marine environment. The distribution of the process must be made as per the classifications depicted for the conservation of the marine environment, and also the protection of the marine environment are depicted with the enhancement of the marine resource planning. The EUNIS classification system is being mapped for the purpose of protecting the nature of the marine environment by redesigning it, and the distribution of the marine habitat can be appropriately made. Therefore the mapping and the designing of nature plays an important role in the biodiversity and the protection of the marine environment.

Exploration of nature and the value of ecosystem with conservation need

The exploration of the present nature and the management of the environment can be depicted by the help of the enhancements that are being mapped for the conservation of the marine environment. The frameworks are being developed for the purpose of mapping and also allowing the representatives in explicating the collected information. Therefore the application of the reserve selection algorithms plays a major role in the measurement of the identified habitat, and therefore the criteria for meeting the biodiversity and the protection can be appropriately fulfilled. The significant tools of the algorithms play a major role with depicting the systematic marine design and also indicated to be well suited to the environment of the design (Halpern; Halpern 2008a). Therefore the construction of the environment is being created for the development of the evolutionary changes with illustrating the protection. The main indication of the value of the ecosystem is to create a balance in the ecosystem and to build a stable environment. Therefore the importance of the application tools is being provided which enables the appropriate protection with enabling to have the appropriate changes in the environment. The research deals with the investigation which indicates the determination of the needs and thereby the appropriate enhancement of the opportunities are seen while developing the ecosystem.

As per the needs are being categorized, the conservation of the marine environment becomes the valuable criteria which need to be protected at any cost. Though the emphasis is being created on the development of the patterns or the ecological process, it indicates the illustration of the increment of management processes. Thereby the results of this process are depicted to be fruitful and also enable the development of the marine environment. Therefore the ecological protection is depicted to be crucial to reducing the human activities indicating the destruction of the ecosystem. Therefore the structure clearly defines the cartographic visualization which enables the management of the human activities regarding the protection of the marine environment and the coastal areas. As the needs for the conservation are undertaken into focus, the satisfaction and the fulfillment of the actual local seems to be impacting the most and thereby the pressures on nature are being created the most on the marine environment (Grosholz and Williams 2008). The nature and the values are formed for the satisfying the needs of the conservation, and also the enhancement in the process can be easily indicated with enhancing the decrement of the impacts on the ecosystem.

Main threats addressed by the management to the PA

The management has implemented risk management strategies to deal with difficult situations in the marine protected areas. The management has implemented assessment approaches to determine the impacts of the environment with the help of advanced and innovative technologies. The decision-making process is based on the benefits for the protected areas. The guidelines are prepared to incorporate the biodiversity related issues into the environmental impact assessment processes and legislation and in the strategic environment analysis. The management has implemented of restoration and rehabilitation in the ecological integrity of the areas (Costello et al. 2008). The management has also implemented control risk measures that are associated with endangers species in the protected areas. The key threats are determined to protect the marine areas and developed and implement strategies to mitigate and prevent such threats. The management has also implemented policies, rules, and regulation to ensure the enforcement of measures that is required for the protection of the areas and illegal exploitation of the resources. The focus is also made on eliminating illegal trades of resources from the protected areas (Venter 2006; Kappel et al. 2005). The policies and guidelines are based on protecting the habitats and species in those areas.

Ranking	Endangered species terrestrial And freshwater	Endangered species Canada, Marine	The Global Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources	Endangered Species Act, Marine
1	Loss of Habitat	Overexploitation	Overexploitation	overexploitation
2	Intrusive species	Habitat loss	Habitat loss	Loss of Habitat
3	Overexploitation	Interaction of native species	Loss of Habitat	Pollution
4	Pollution	Pollution	Pollution	Diversion of water
5	Disease	Natural causes	Disturbance of man	Intrinsic factors
6		Invasive species	Diversion of water	Disturbance of man
7			Intrinsic factors	Illnesses
8			Interaction of vessels	Invasive species
9			Disease	Change of climate
10			Change of climate	Aquaculture
11			Aquaculture	Interaction of vessels
12			Acoustic interruption	Acoustic interruption

The habitat types are being categorized as the priority based information which is used for detecting the size, shape and the levels of the protection with zoning. The ecological functions are depicted to be varying with the variation of the ecosystem. Therefore the enhancements of the habitat types are being indicated and thereby the enhancement of the strategies is being depicted for the purpose of undertaking the test for the environment. It also indicates the values that are requisite for the enhancement of the environment and thereby the sampling of the habitat types becomes the more exposures to the types (Carlton and Cohen 1998). The main motive of this case includes the variation of the habitat which is the Gorgonian, forereef, patch-reef and the leeward slopes. This variation of the types of the habitats also indicates the variation of levels of the protection with zoning them into various categories.  Therefore the locations are also being sampled for the betterment of the comparison and the identification of the issues regarding the marine environment. It perhaps indicates the beneath communities that randomly harms the marine environment in a hazardous way and also indicates the appropriate construction of the type of the habitat by contouring them by positioning the habitat type on each sample. Therefore the satisfaction of the environment type can be easily achieved and thereby the generation of the quarters with the sectors is being made for the purpose of protecting the marine environment. The linear horizontal index is being created which indicates the enhancement of species security and also enables the stability of the environment. Therefore the focus is being made on the status of the species and also the enhancement of the focus is being depicted by the aid of enacting the developments (Tchernov and Fine 2007). Therefore the discussion on the size, shape and the locations with levels of the protections are clearly explained for the betterment of the topic undertaken for the study. It also enriches the study with depicting the enhancement of the processes implemented for the development of the workforce for protecting the areas and undertaking biodiversity for the marine environment.

Discussion on size, shape, level of protection and zoning

The government agencies are working and putting their efforts to improve the conditions of the marine protected areas. The area can be protected with the help of placing professionals and experts in the regions. The needs of the areas should be appropriately determined and fulfil them as per the requirements.  The economical and logistical challenges should be monitored to achieve an effective protection objective. The surveillance technologies can be used to increase the capability of monitoring and guiding the law enforcement personnel to analyze the activities. The optimizations of the enforcement and surveillance capacity are designated for the marine protected areas (Precht and Aronson 2001).  It includes evaluating the enforcement and monitoring strategies, determining potential improvements and analyzing the new methods to monitor the human activities. New and innovative technologies will be implemented enforcement and monitor the marine protected areas which include passive sonar, high frequency, vessel tracking, autonomous sail boats and satellite radar protected areas.   

The government agencies and organizations manage the marine protected areas in most of the countries. Thus, the budgets of the public sector remain at the core of the long-term findings. The multilateral and bilateral donor funds in the developing countries are considered as the secondary sources of protected areas finance (Ehlerand, Douvere 2009; Halpern 2012). It is important to frame the structure in such a way that the conventional funding is used for the biodiversity conservation to maintain the existing flows and also to increase them. The key condition to secure the public funds for the marine protected areas in future would be the ability of the managers and planners to justify the funding requests and capital amounts regarding the socio-economic objectives. There is need to decrease the poverty in developing countries and at the same time efforts is needed to fund the protected areas. It is clear that the conventional sources of funding the protected areas are not sufficient to expand and maintain the networks of protected areas in future or to fulfill the increase in demands (Depondt and Togridou Green 2006; et al. 2006; Hawkins and Peters 2009). There are many challenges and to deal with the challenges, there is a need to develop and expand the innovative financing mechanisms. The mechanism will offer a wide opportunity to sustain the increasing funding requirement by the protected areas. The strategy will help to stimulate the improvements in the sustainability and management of PA. The financing mechanisms which includes financial and fiscal instruments can also be used in other sectors of the country such as credit schemes, subsides, taxes, benefit sharing methods and devolution of cost for facilities and management of protected areas. The marine protected areas can be invested with the funds from different sources. There is also a need for adoption of incentive-based approaches in the areas to guide the development processes such as developing new markets for the protected areas products and services and fixing prices as per the market mechanisms. The financing mechanisms that stimulate community participation and private sectors in the management of protected areas are promising. The investments in the ecosystem services should be high as it will generate for funds for the protected areas and conservation of the biodiversity. The efforts to increase funds for protected areas should capitalize the growing diversity of the funding sources Fernandes 2005; Day 2002, Green et al., 2009; Toropova and Osmond 2010). The managers and authorities of marine protected areas should seek for mobilizing the increased resources from non-government and private sources through extra-budgetary and commercial channels. The diversification to fund the PA can be seen as ensuring the long-term sustainability of protected areas financially. The managers, planners and decision makers in the government agencies that funds the areas should invest to create the necessary infrastructure, information base and awareness to ensure that the existing funds for the marine protected areas are maintained appropriately and increases opportunities to invest into new sources.      

The existing framework and structure of Fish River Station has been redesigned. The fish river station in the northern territory of Australia is 178,000 hectors of flood plain wetlands, rainforests and savannah woodlands. The management is trying to implement a comprehensive plan to develop the area and will take help from advisory group representative of traditional owner groups: Wagiman, Kamu, Malak Malak and Labarganyan peoples. The wilderness values of the Fish River Station include its large size, biodiversity and adherence to the wilderness values (Roberts and Gel, 2003; Gaines 2010, Lester et al., 2009; Harrison et al., 2012). The property has significant economic and cultural values for indigenous communities. The ecological integrity is under threat from inefficient fire management, pastoral development for the cattle and river provides shelter for its animal and plant species. The management will plan for combining the traditional technology, science and knowledge to adopt an effective conservation management. The management would implement of carbon abatement programs that contributes in maintaining biodiversity and cultural values of the property. The management of the following are will not only decrease the carbon emission but also conserve the biodiversity and also provides benefits to the indigenous culture by enhancing livelihood through training and employment. The young generation will gain knowledge that will lead to development of the community. The goal is to protect a wide range of resources/habitat which would be more complex (Agardy 2003). In designing the following system will improve the structure of the protected areas and it will be guided by the representatives, redundancy, and opportunities.

Conclusion

Lastly, people have always been and will always be drawn along the coast for the production of food, aesthetics, services of the ecosystem and other important recreation activities. The pressure of the population of man is increasing at a disproportional rate and brings about man threats and uses to surroundings along the coast. Degradation of the system, political initiatives, interest of the public and the growing appreciation for the benefit of the services of the ecosystem along the coast make time ready for reducing threats and protecting the ocean along the coast. Several crucial needs of research exist for enhancing management of the coastal marine. These incorporates maps of habitat with high-resolution, both as the main information for baseline and also to inform areas based on efforts of management focused on protecting habitats. Therefore, the systems require being managed due to resiliency (Lubchenco and Levin 2008) so that they’re able to absorb and adapt to biotic and physical stochastically be it induced by man or not.

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