Bio-Ecological Model and Impact of Domestic Violence on Anne

Write an essay about the biological and biopsychosocial impact of domestic violence. 

Domestic violence may be defined as the showing or experiencing of aggression or violence inside the residential are, especially when abuse or violence is applied on the spouse. Domestic violence may lead to psychological problems such as dysregulated aggression, bioecological disbalance, etc. In this case study the affect of the domestic violence in Anne influenced her developmental psychology. In this section, the bio-ecological model of Anne as an impact of the domestic violence has been discussed (Weems 2015).

One of the theoretical models of the “gene environment interactions” in human development is the “Bio-ecological model.” According to Weems (2015), the model was proposed by “Urie Bronfenbrenner” and “Stephen J.Ceci.” The framework of this model emphasizes on the significance of considering the “bidirectional influences” between the surrounding environment and an individual’s development. The “Bio-ecological model” involves the chronosystem that refers to how an individual and his environments change with time. In this context the interaction between Anne and her situation where she was the victim of domestic violence lead to the disturbance in her bio-ecological systems al (O’Toole et al. 2014).

According to Bronfenbrenner’s the whole “Bio-ecological system” consist of certain systems associated with the human development. As stated by Afolabi (2014), the systems consist of the microsystem, mesosystem, exosystem, macrosystem, and chronosystem. Regarding the system, Anne was closely linked to his children and husband. The relationship between Anne and John was very healthy, and there was a harmony that existed in their family. Anne was involved incertain activities in the school of her children which she enjoyed. According to the case study, she maintained a close link with her children (O’Toole et al. 2014).

After they had shifted to Anne’s mother’s place, things started worsening. In accordance  to Bronfenbrenner’s theory all the systems interaction with each other was restricted due to their migration. The violence created by John,  the pressure of her mother’s care, the tension of the growing distance with her children, limitation of money and tension of unemployment all resulted in a negative impact on her health. The main trauma that was created was by John, who induced a sense of fear in Anne.The result of all these consequences was that Anne over the time became aggressive and yelled at times losing her patient’s. In one of the occasion, she shouted at the shopkeeper for delivering the wrong product (Wing et al. 2015).

According to Jacobson, N.S. and Gortner (2014), the “Feminist theory” in domestic violence illustrates gender inequality and power inequality in heterogeneous relationships. It spotlights on the societal messages that authorize a male’s to applyviolence and belligerence throughout life, and the forbidden gender position that dictates the way men and women should perform in their close relationships. In this context, John being a male applied the concept of gender inequality and had misused the power by beating and chocking Anne. He created a constant fear in the mind of Anne by his actions. Anne was even scared of his presence and thought of the negative consequences that might affect her children, mother and her pets.Moreover, she was in the habit of regular crying, which impacted on the release of the stress hormones and results in deterioration of the mental and physical health (Wing et al. 2015).

The Biopsychosocial Model and its Impact on the Family

Other than the gender inequality, there are also certain other determinants that have affected the eco-biological system of Anne. In accordance to the socioecological model an individual’s close socialassociationi. e.peers, family and community may affect her mental stability. The several other determinants are poverty and standard of living. As discussed by Corvo, K. and Johnson (2013),“many determinants of health are outside the institutional healthcare system, the strategy for improving health requires that work is done by social actors in the public, private and non-profit sectors in areas such as income support, justice, housing, education, transportation, community-building and social services (like childcare) that were not traditionally conceptualized as health-related.”“In other words, we hypothesized that violence in the exosystem would impact child development through its role in increasing violence in Microsystems (Corvo, K. and Johnson 2013).” 

Conclusion 

In the above context, the bi-ecological model related to Anne was discussed. The observations made from the case study reveals that the threat of her husband and other social determinants such as limitation of money, distance between the mother and the children resulted in the deterioration of Anne’s health. Thus, it can be concluded that bio-ecological model of an individual is negatively affected by social determinants. 

The biopsychological model is both a philosophy of clinical case and practical clinical guide.It is a way to understand how suffering,  illness and disease are affected by multiple societal factors. In this context, the social that was persistent in Anne’s family impacted on the bio-physiological aspect of the all the members who were a part of the domestic violence. The extreme conditions that evolved after the family shifted to stay with Anne’s mother resulted in poor health condition off all the members of the family (Romeroâ€ÂMartínez et al. 2013).

As stated by Corvo and Dutton (2015), “The bio-psychosocial aspect is an effort to recognize “health and illness” through an approval of how biological, social and psychological elements persist in a relationship with one another.On considering the children of Anne and John i.e. Dylan and Jessica, they linked well with their parents before their migration. Once the family shifted the biological condition of Jessica deteriorated due to change of climate. The asthmatic condition of the child started depreciating and therefore she was admitted to the healthcare unit.Dylan remained aloof from the house and was seen more in the park. There existed hardly any interaction between the parents and the children. They received less care from their mother which resulted in the development of a gap in the relationship. Moreover, the children were attached to their school and peers. The migration resulted in separation from the environment they adopted and linked well. Such conditions hampered their psychological stability (Rodgers et al. 2016).

According to the biopsychological model men normally use the intoxicating effect of alcohol to rejuvenate their masculine activity. John left his job during their movement to the town and without employment his mental balance was disturbed. The addiction to alcohol not only hampered his physical condition but also reduced his mental stability. Being an unstable person he applied his power on Anne made her vulnerable to domestic violence. This developed not only a distance between the couple; it also created a psychological threat to the children and Anne. The fact that they shifted from their location and Anne was more involved in nurturing her mother rather than putting her effort in caring for John agitated him and resulted in consumption of alcohol and domestic violence (Rodgers et al. 2016).

According to the “Bandura’s model”behavior is learned from the environment through the process of observational learning.”As the result of the violence which was observed by the children, they started feeling lonely and interacting with others. Anne, who was subjected to the domestic violence, was always under threat and pressure. As discussed by Romeroâ€ÂMartínez et al. (2013), the observational learning leads to a change in her attitude towards others. She developed a habit of yelling and shouting, and the result of being a victim of domestic violence worsened her psychological and biological stability (O’Toole et al. 2014). 

Conclusion 

Thus, it can be concluded that “marital quality can serve as both a stressor and resource in the etiology of domestic violence.” A social point of view on domestic violence relates to “physiological and psychological factors within a broader descriptive framework that involve the impact of social institutions and social frameworks on social performance.Such domestic violence thus deteriorates the bio-physiological traits of an individual.  

References

Afolabi, O.E., 2014. Domestic violence, risky family environment and children: A bio-psychology perspective. International Journal of Psychology and Counselling, 6(8), pp.107-118.

Corvo, K. and Dutton, D., 2015. Neurotransmitter and Neurochemical Factors in Domestic Violence Perpetration: Implications for Theory Development.Partner Abuse, 6(3), pp.351-363.

Corvo, K. and Johnson, P., 2013. Sharpening Ockham’s Razor: The role of psychopathology and neuropsychopathology

Corvo, K. and Dutton, D., 2015. Neurotransmitter and Neurochemical Factors in Domestic Violence Perpetration: Implications for Theory Development.Partner Abuse, 6(3), pp.351-363.

Ebersohn, S. and Bouwer, A.C., 2015. A bio-ecological interpretation of the relationship challenges in the context of the reconstituted family. South African Journal of Education, 35(2), pp.01-11.

Corvo, K. and Johnson, P., 2013. Sharpening Ockham’s Razor: The role of psychopathology and neuropsychopathology in the perpetration

Jacobson, N.S. and Gortner, E.T., 2014. BIOSOCIAL RISK FACTORS FOR DOMESTIC. Biosocial Bases of Violence, 292, p.127.