Business Risk and Inherent Risk Assessments

1. a) There are many risks for the organizations, which are associated with the insurance business and the organization ‘HIH Insurance Limited,’ is the case has been determined and analyzed shows the inherent risk and business risks that turn into the reason for the failure of the organization. The property and in addition causality insurance agencies use to confront a few unique sorts of business risks, which are perceived as exposures (Berk and DeMarzo, 2017). The insurance firms, there are different types of insurance available and their exposures. The most common form of risks making the payment for vehicle crashes alongside the damages because of the tempest to property or house. The insurance firms can deal with the risks, which are safeguarded by select of guaranteed sorts of scope from an approach (Kieso, Weygandt and Warfield, 2006). In the given case, it has been shown that the HIH insurance company has suffered lot difficulties due to inappropriate management of the activities and processes. All the insurance policies offered by the HIH Insurance Company had more serious risk potential outcomes (Besley, 2016). There is can be issues in the operations of an organization and the risks can affects the whole operation of the business organization and the stakeholders. The management of the company is totally responsible for managing all the activities. The business risk of the company was that the financial reports were misrepresented in front of the investors and depicted a high level of debt.      

b) The inherent risk can affect the outcomes of the business operations as well as wrong information provided by the financial statements of the company. It can be said, inappropriate accounting process of preparing the financial statements by the accountants or auditors. For the cases, where inherent risks are common, it is seen that the accountants need to use a bigger than a regular measure of judgment and also a guess or when the financial tools are included. With a specific end goal to comprehend the inherent risk, the foundation of audit risk must be examined (Brealey, Allen and Myers, 2006). It is one of the key sorts of review risk. Inherent hazard is most regular in the budgetary administration portion, in light of intricacy alongside dynamism keeping in mind the end goal to manage the financial institutions. The HIH Insurance Company shares costs had dropped strongly on account of the poor financial result, and in addition, critical resource deals with a specific end goal to enhance the position of the organization and claim for the fund insurance. The HIH insurance organization in the year 2000 paid around 1.8 million to the auditors and accountants for the preparation of the financial statement of the company. The procedure neglected to provide the future claims (Britton and Waterston, 2013).

2. a) The performance of the company HIH insurance has been depicted in the case study. The main cause of the failure was due to the inappropriate management of all the processes by the management department. Due to this, the share price of the company falls and it lead to the decrease in the value of the organization in the market. The price of the share affected the interests of the shareholders and also their interests. The inspector, Anderson was essentially in charge and responsible for the fall of the organization (Cassedy, 2004). The external auditors stated the poor result of the organization from its financial statement and the balance sheet also depicted the poor performance of the company. The organization additionally paid $1.631 million for the arrangement counseling and administrations. The auditors were mainly responsible for the failure of the company and the company’s long term growth affected due to the financial results. The insurance company is based on the future circumstances and the management should understand the future situation of the company.  Some associations have edges to cover 80-90 claims (Christensen, Cottrell and Budd, 2016). In this way, the auditor distorted all the values and indicating poor execution of the organization. It influenced the enthusiasm of the clients and creditors. The banks confronted huge losses as in light of the fact that they were not ready to recoup every one of their duty from the organization. The negative performance of the organization demonstrates tremendous loss which implies that the organization would not have the capacity to pay off its obligations. Along these lines, according to the standards and directions auditor is in charge of demonstrating poor performance of the organization. It is the duty of the court to recoup every one of the measures of loan bosses and paying every one of their contributions. The organization and the auditor are mindful to pay every one of the obligations to the customers and loan bosses (Spiceland, 2010). 

Legal Liability

b) The condition that exists for this situation portrays the demonstrations of the carelessness which are depicted for this situation. The demonstrations of the carelessness delineate the breaking of the obligation of care, with hurting the individual that is available on obligation, directing the reasons for mischief with the genuine measuring of the damages. These components help in the giving the demonstrations of the carelessness that are embraced for this situation with the thought of the exchanges (Clark and Baker, 2011). The obligation of care demonstrates the care towards the offended party with the thought of the harm, and consequently, the obligation appeared to be maintained a strategic distance from or ruptured with leading damage to the offended party. For this situation of HIH, the truths and the discoveries that are talked about give the methods for the mischief that had occurred for this situation. The specialist Bruce Dennis battled the argument against Andersen. This demonstrates the specialist is giving equity to the HIH leasers and the customers with demonstrating the wrong deeds that the Andersen had made against them. The offended party demonstrated that the respondent is giving the wrong judgments the wrong data and in this manner the rupturing of the law of obligation is occurring. Consequently, the offended party demonstrated that the rupturing of the obligation created harm for which the offended party is as yet suing. This gives the reasonable support to the arrangement of the care, and in this manner, the equity is made for the rupturing of the agreement of obligation. The rupturing additionally demonstrates the damage which must be recouped with the infringement of the demonstrations that are performed and in this way the case gives the suitable methods for the equity with saying the supports of the case (Holton, 2012). Carelessness of the harms ought not to be neglected with the arrangement of the offended party position for this situation.

3. a) The three partners of the audit firm, Arthur Andersen were selected as the part of external audit group by HIH company. For the past ten years, the Andersens had profited, to be exact roughly $8 million through the procedure of examining the books of HIH. Andersens had additionally made a measure of $7 million by giving different sorts of administrations to HIH. In this manner, it can be comprehended that the two elements of HIH and Arthur Andersens share a significant solid expert and in addition individual association with each other. Having a solid individual relationship is obvious from the way that the two associations have possessed the capacity to amicably work for over 10 years (Horngren, 2014). The individual relationship shared between the two can be thought to be the fundamental motivation behind why HIH needed to procure earlier individuals from its external audit group. The obligation of the outside audit group is to give an unbiased and genuine report of the financial transactions, and this is the motivation behind why the report given by the outer inspectors are emphatically esteemed. Since Andersens have a solid bond with HIH, they are relied upon to give a decent report, and this is the fundamental explanation for HIH procuring the earlier individuals as a piece of its external audit team (Parrino, 2015).

Ethics

b) The main purpose of the audit firm is to give an unprejudiced report of the financial transactions of an organization, and a consultancy firm is required to prescribe diverse approaches to the concerned organization through which it can expand its rate of profitability by bypassing or circumventing the payment of the high taxes. Thus, the occupations are firmly connected, because of their inclination, they are not regularly done by the same firm from it generates predisposition towards the organization that it is giving its administration to (Powers and Needles, 2012). The advantages of having a similar firm do both inspecting and consultancy for an organization is that it can make the money related reports according to the need of the organization by being biased towards it. Despite the fact that it helps the organization to keep up its picture in the market it prompts incorrect reports.

c) The conditions that are introduced for the situation obviously show that the organization is not adhering to the essential moral practices that it should. It is in a path exploitative to have an earlier colleague be a piece of the external auditing team. The primary explanation for this is the external auditing team should be fair towards the organization keeping in mind the end goal to create an unbiased report about the financial transactions that have been occurring in the organization. Enlisting a firm with which the organization has an expert relationship for more than ten years is exceptionally deceptive, and it demonstrates that the organization does not have any desire to have the real financial reports made (Rahman, 2015). In this way, the organization can be said to be intentionally adding to making a misrepresentation examining report of its money related exchanges so as to stay away from issues or obstacles later on. The major target of giving a review report gets hampered when a solitary firm does both the evaluating and consultancy for an organization. It is absolutely a violation of the moral principles that request a free examination of the financial transaction and position of a specific organization.

d) In the given case study, the purpose behind the fall of the HIH protection restricted was an inability to give properly to the future cases. The disappointment was because of the mismanagement and insufficient reactions to developing weights in the global market of protection (Shim, Siegel and Shim, 2012). The principle motivation behind the Ramsay report was to survey the current prerequisites for the autonomy of the examiners and to roll out appropriate suggestions for the improvements to those necessities. It is the duty of the examiners to demonstrate a fitting execution of the organization. The distortion of qualities in the related financial articulations is considered as a wrongdoing, and it ought to be stayed away from by the review firm. It is this obligation of the examiners to demonstrate the real position of an organization in the present market condition.

The effect of the progressions that have been made by Ramsay Report and CLERP 9 gives the progressions of audit report according to the law of Economic Reform Program and The Corporate Law, (Audit Reform and Corporate Disclosure) Act 2004 (CLERP 9 ACT) was passed in June 2004, gives the rescheduling of the projects. It additionally gives the adding qualities to the financial report with the change of unwavering quality and along these lines thusly gives the bringing down of the cost of the capital (Weil, 2017). It likewise helps in improving the estimation of the capital market with the thought of the reinforcing believability of the financial statements. This gives the acknowledgment of the demonstrations that are appeared to be useful for the thought of the validity and the reliability quality of Auditors report.

References

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Brealey, R., Allen, F. and Myers, S. (2006). Corporate finance. Boston [u.a.]: McGraw-Hill/Irwin.

Britton, A. and Waterston, C. (2013). Financial accounting. Harlow: Financial Times Prentice Hall.

Cassedy, P. (2004). Finance. San Diego, Calif.: Lucent Books.

Christensen, T., Cottrell, D. and Budd, C. (2016). Advanced financial accounting. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill Education.

Clark, R. and Baker, D. (2011). Finance. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Holton, R. (2012). Global Finance. Hoboken: Taylor & amp; Francis.

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Kieso, D., Weygandt, J. and Warfield, T. (2006). Intermediate accounting. Vol. 1. Chichester: John Wiley.

Parrino, R. (2015). Corporate Finance. Singapore: John Wiley & Sons.

Powers, M. and Needles, B. (2012). Financial accounting. [Mason]: South-Western, Cengage Learning.

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Spiceland, J. (2010). Intermediate accounting. Toronto, ON: McGraw-Hill Ryerson.

Weil, R. (2017). Financial accounting. [Place of publication not identified]: Cengage Learning.