Background

The research issue title is to “develop an event safety risk typology: a qualitative study of risk perception amongst event planners and venue managers in United Kingdom”

The management of event risk and safety is an important component for venue organizer and event manager to sustain their position in the marketplace. Thus, it can be said that event risk typology is fundamental elements of event management. It offers many opportunities to event manager and venue organizer of the organization to evaluate potential event risks and make effective strategies to decline challenges from the event. There are certain event risks that could be faced by event organizer during the event management like personal, health risk, and legal risk. The government of UK promotes event for enhancing tourism in their country, which will also be effective for enhancing their economic condition. The hospitality organization of UK has faced many event risks due to lack of event risk techniques. Hence, event manager and venue organizer develop effective event risk typology for managing event risks and improve performance of company.

The main aim of this research is to develop an event safety risk typology: a qualitative study of risk perception amongst event planners and venue managers in United Kingdom. The following objectives will be considered to complete the specified aim:

• To explore the meaning and concept of event safety risk
• To analyse challenges of event safety in the organization
• To recommend the strategy to eliminate the event risk from organization

• What is the meaning and concept of event safety risk?
• What are the challenges of event safety in the organization?
• What are the strategies to eliminate the event risk from organization?  

The development of event risk typology could be an important aspect of research study. The knowledge about event risk typology would be imperative for academic and career purpose. A huge amount of data is available with respect to the current research concern. It will be effective for the researcher to obtain a positive result. This research study will also help researcher if they want to make their career in the hospitality sector. The Hospitality organization is needed to develop their understanding about event risk typology to sustain their position in the market. Hence, it can be said that this research is beneficial for both reader and organization.          

This literature review section helps to create theoretical understanding about significance of event risk typology at the time of managing event risks. It will be supportive for reader and researcher to gain their understanding about event risk and typology. This section also supports to understand risk concept and risk perception, which will be imperative for managing the risk of events and obtain a feasible outcome. Through this chapter, a researcher will be capable to reduce accident rates and damages from event and get reliable outcome. It could also help to decline causality. Moreover, event managers and venue organizer would be capable to determine potential risk and select appropriate event typology to eliminate event risk (Khan, et al., 2015).  

Literature Review

Pritchard and PMP (2014) stated that event risk is a major issue for event organizer as it creates higher probability of failure. The event risk could be identified as an incident that is emerged in the event and may injure and negatively influence the available consumers. Consequently, it is evaluated that safeties of consumers could be challenging issue for event manager in the UK.

In support of this, Grote (2015) examined that if venue manager and event organizers are unable to determine the potential risk and development of event risk typology at the time of events then it could create the chance of event risk. An organization is needed to appoint various experts of event management as it would be supportive for managing events and obtain a reliable outcome. The inadequate risk evaluation could negatively impact on targeted audience or consumers. Hence, it is essential for the event organizer to improve their understanding about safety law and legislation. As a result, the event organizer would be capable to manage the events and obtain a reliable outcome. In current scenario, it is complicated for an event organizer to effectively determine new ways for managing events risk and obtain a reliable result. In addition, it is also identified that lack of risk management skills could be threatened for event organizer because it enhances the chance of accidents and injuries in the events and decline the rate of success.   

Hopkin (2017) argued that organization could face certain event risks that could negatively impact on their performance like health risk, crowd management issues, electrical hazards, catering hazards, and explosions. It is significant for event organizer to make an effective plan for dealing with the unexpected situation as it required the urgent activity. Moreover, there are certain factors that could be caused of health risk in the events like lack of alarm, lack of health policies, lack of traffic management, and lack of expert on health. It negatively impacts on the health. In addition, it is also found that lack of volunteers in the event could create a major issue for event manager to manage crowd as it would create complexity in delivering quality information among their targeted consumers. Hence, it can be examined that the crowd issue could also negatively impact on performance of the company.

In support of this, Grote (2015) explained that electrical hazards could be occurred by the miss management of electrical equipment in the events. It will negatively influence audience of events. Sometimes, events manager does not concentrate on the foods and beverage that would be offered to targeted audience who participate in the events. Hence, it can be said that mismanagement in catering facility could also dissatisfy the audience. It would decline existing performance of the company. Moreover, the lack of effective event plan could negatively impact on the events risk management. It is examined that if the event manager and venue organizer unable to make an effective policy regarding explosion then it could negatively impact on the performance of company.

Types of Event Risks

In oppose to this, Bessis, (2015) explained that health risk could be occurred by waterfalls, cuts, and burns in the events as it could directly impact on the business growth. An event organization should use provision of medical facilities to aid the event organizer and manage event risk. The organization should also appoint medical experts and professionals as they could support to offer appropriate services to the audience who was injured in the event. Through this, event organizer and venue manager would be capable to decline event risk by enchasing the measures of safety and implementing appropriate legislation and laws in the venue.            

In support of this, Calkin et al. (2014) crowd management could support venue organizer to manage huge amount of consumers and obtain a feasible result. Organization could use many approaches to manage potential risk of events by enchasing in the number of volunteers. A huge amount of volunteers could support in maintaining the event by eliminating risks on the regular interval. Moreover, the events manager could also use sign for managing the crowd management.

According to Haimes, (2015) electrical hazards could negativly impact on event risks management. The event manager and venue organizer should use electrical equipment to eliminate possibilities of event failure that is suddenly occurred by breakouts and injuries.         

Moreover, event manager should use electrical points for eliminating electrical risks from events. Through this strategy, event manager and venue organizer would be capable to prevent sudden escape of fire from electrical points and eliminate probability of risk. In addition, event manager and venue organizer should use adequate fire alarms as it would help to eliminate possible risk from events. Consequently, the company would be capable to retain their targeted consumers for long-term.   

In oppose of this, Sadgrove. (2016) examined that the event plan could be incomplete in lack of foods and beverage. Therefore, it can also be said that the catering issue could be common in the working place. Food and beverage could be significant approach for improving the performance of event. Moreover, event organizers are responsible for food and beverages so an organization should use food safety protocols with respect to eliminate catering risk.

In support of this, Mahdevari et al. (2014) illustrated that organization should manage the water hazards to eliminate risk from the event. The event organizer should also check water pipes for eliminating the water risk from events.

From the above discussion, it can be summarized that the event risk could directly impact on the performance of organization. If organization is unable to make an effective decision about unexpected occurrence in the event then it could be caused of the event risk and decline the quality of the organizational performance. In addition, there are different kinds of risk that could be occurred in the event like health risk, crowd management issues, electrical hazards, catering hazards, and explosions. It can also summarize that organization should use many strategies related to health, crowd, electrical, explosions, and catering for managing the event risk.  

Risk Management Strategies

The research methodology supports the researcher to select appropriate data collection method for obtaining aim and objectives of current research concern. It considers many techniques such as research philosophy, research approach, research strategy, data collection method, data analysis method, sampling, and research limitation (Glendon, et al., 2016). 

The research philosophy is the belief of researcher about the mode by which information should be collected, evaluated and used. It considers three methods like realism, interpretivism, and positivism philosophy (McNeil, et al., 2015). For this research, interpretivism philosophy will be used by the researcher to collect data as compared to another method. This method will permit the researcher to integrate interest of people into the study. It could support to obtain theoretical data towards the research matter.        

Research approach supports the researcher to select an appropriate method and obtain a reliable and feasible outcome.  The inductive and deductive approach is considered in the research approach (Bryman and Bell, 2015). For this study, the inductive approach will be used by researcher as compared to deductive approach. The inductive approach facilitates to collect views and opinion of research participants towards the current research concern. Apart from this, a deductive approach is used to develop a hypothesis in terms of research matter. Hence, it can be said that there is no need to develop hypothesis so the deductive approach will not be appropriate.            

For this research, the descriptive research design is used by the researcher due to subjective nature of research matter. It enables to collect conceptual data about current research concern. This method allows researcher to obtain data in detail (Modarres, 2016). The causal research method will not be used by the researcher because there is no need to identify the relationship between variables.

The use of suitable research design will support the research scholar to attain their aim and objectives. There are certain kinds of research design that are considered in the research study like qualitative and quantitative research design. For this research design mixed research design will be used by researcher to obtain reliable data. The qualitative data collection methods enable the researcher to collect numerical information while the quantitative research design facilitates to get theoretical information about research matter.     

The data collection method supports the researcher to select appropriate method in the context of research matter. There are two kinds of methods like primary and secondary data collection method. The primary data collection method enables to collect fresh data towards the research concern. Apart from this, the secondary data collection method support to obtain data from existing information. The primary data collection method considers many sources to collect reliable data like observation, survey through a questionnaire, and interview method (Haimes, 2015). Secondary data is collected from many sources like academic journals, books, and online and offline sources. For this study, both primary and secondary data collection method is used by the researcher to obtain reliable information in the context of research matter.  For this study, researcher will use survey through questionnaire method to collect the primary data while journals, magazines, books, and online data will be used to collect the secondary data.  

Research Methodology

The research strategy is imperative to address relevant data towards the research issues by considering many methods like survey through questionnaire, literature review, case study, interview method, and focus group (Silverman, 2016). In this research study, survey through questionnaire and literature review method is used by the researcher to get a positive result.

In addition, survey through questionnaire facilitates research scholar to collect the opinion and views of participants towards the event risk. Apart from this, literature review method aid the researcher to get non-numerical information about development of event risk typology. Therefore, it can be said that both surveys through questionnaire and literature review method will help the researcher with respect to obtain accurate data about research matter.       

Sampling method enables the researcher to choose appropriate sample size for conducting their research.  Probability and non-probability sampling method is considered in the research study (Flick, 2015). For this research study, probability sampling method is used by researcher rather than non-probability sampling method. Since, this method enables to select participant on a random basis that will eliminate the biases form the research study. The non-probability sampling method enables to select participants on behalf of age, gender, experience, education, and race as it could create possibilities of biases in the research hence this method will not be used by research to conduct their research.       

The Data analysis method enables to evaluate collected data by considering many methods like qualitative and quantitative data analysis method (Panneerselvam, 2014). For this research study, the researcher will use MS-Excel software to evaluate the numerical data while literature review will be used by researcher to evaluate the theoretical data. Consequently, it will help to obtain a feasible outcome.

The research timetable is used to estimate time for accomplishing the specified research act (McCusker and Gunaydin, 2015). There are many activities that are considered in the research like Research objective design, literature review, research methodology, research design, primary data collection, data analysis, proofreading, and final write up, final submission. The following table demonstrates estimated weeks for the completion of each research activity:  

Research acts	Number of weeks
	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10
Research objective design,
literature review,
research methodology
research design,
primary data collection,
data analysis
proofreading and final write up
final submission

In the research study, ethics means accomplishing the research aim and objectives in the appropriate manner (Lewis, 2015). The researcher will use ethical norms during research to obtain a reliable result. For eliminating ethical issues, researcher will use guidelines of the university, avoid plagiarism, and lack of data manipulation. Researcher will secure the confidential data of research participants during research study. Consequently, it will support to make a robust relationship with research participants and obtain a feasible outcome.

Reference list

Bessis, J. (2015) ‘Risk management in banking’, USA: John Wiley and Sons.

Bryman, A., and Bell, E. (2015) Business research methods. Oxford University Press, USA.

Calkin, D. E., Cohen, J. D., Finney, M. A., and Thompson, M. P. (2014) ‘How risk management can prevent future wildfire disasters in the wildland-urban interface’, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 111(2), pp. 746-751.

Flick, U. (2015). Introducing research methodology: A beginner’s guide to doing a research project. USA: Sage.

Getz, D. (2014) Event studies. In The Routledge handbook of events (pp. 45-64). USA: Routledge.

Glendon, A. I., Clarke, S., and McKenna, E. (2016) Human safety and risk management. UK: CRC Press.

Grote, G. (2015) ‘Promoting safety by increasing uncertainty–Implications for risk management’, Safety science, 71, pp.71-79.

Haimes, Y. Y. (2015) Risk modeling, assessment, and management. UK: John Wiley and Sons.

Haimes, Y. Y. (2015) Risk modeling, assessment, and management. USA: John Wiley and Sons.

Hopkin, P. (2017) ‘Fundamentals of risk management: understanding, evaluating and implementing effective risk management’, USA: Kogan Page Publishers.

Khan, F., Rathnayaka, S., and Ahmed, S. (2015) ‘Methods and models in process safety and risk management: past, present, and future’. Process Safety and Environmental Protection, 98, pp. 116-147.

Lewis, S. (2015) ‘Qualitative inquiry and research design: Choosing among five approaches’, Health promotion practice, 16(4), pp. 473-475.

Mahdevari, S., Shahriar, K., and Esfahanipour, A. (2014) ‘Human health and safety risks management in underground coal mines using fuzzy TOPSIS’, Science of the Total Environment, 488, pp. 85-99.

McCusker, K., and Gunaydin, S. (2015) ‘Research using qualitative, quantitative or mixed methods and choice based on the research’, Perfusion, 30(7), pp. 537-542.

McNeil, A. J., Frey, R., and Embrechts, P. (2015) Quantitative risk management: Concepts, techniques and tools. USA: Princeton university press.

Modarres, M. (2016) Risk analysis in engineering: techniques, tools, and trends. USA:  CRC Press.

Panneerselvam, R. (2014) Research methodology. USA: PHI Learning Pvt. Ltd.

Pritchard, C. L., and PMP, P. R. (2014) Risk management: concepts and guidance. USA: CRC Press.

Sadgrove, K. (2016) The complete guide to business risk management. UK: Routledge.

Silverman, D. (Ed.). (2016) Qualitative research. USA: Sage.