The Need to Mitigate the Risks of Fatigue and Stress in Construction Industry

Dsicuss about the Impacts of shift work on sleep and circadian rhythm.

The use of forklifts operator are used for transportation of goods within large scale warehouse. This is also used in storage yards and factories along with that of construction sites for lifting heavy materials. The machine works under the principle of hydraulic lifting mechanism that is used in the transportation of heavy materials and large sized objects.

This is a specialized type of vehicles that are named after large pronged sized fork that protrudes from the front that can rotate, lift, and move cargo according to the operator’s directions. The Forklift operators are primarily responsible for moving the cargo for goods within the warehouse. It can also help to lift unusual shaped items, which is highly challenging to move manually. The Forklift operators are totally responsible for controlling of these vehicles. This often results in high level of stress for the Forklift operators, which ultimately results in fatigue due to overtime of work (Waters et al. 2005). The operators of the forklift have the pressures to ensure that there is no damage done to any forms of goods especially the fragile and sensitive items.

The overall quality of the work is measured according to the accuracy of the movement of the items that are done by the operators. This will help to ensure that the inbound and outbound shipments are done with full level of prerecession without any forms of damage. Nevertheless, in order to meet up with the customer’s demand the operators often have to work for longer duration, thereby resulting in the stress like experience.

In the given context, the current project aims to deal with the issues of fatigue and stress that are often encountered by the operators of the forklifts. The construction industry will be chosen for the current project and the data about the forklift operators will be chosen from the respective sectors. The primary data will be collected in the forms of survey that will help to ensure that the investigator get the opportunity to directly interact with the forklift operators. The design of the study will be set in order to make optimized use of the collected data. This will ultimately help the researchers to provide proper recommendations to deal with the stress like experience.

The higher level of stress at the workplace results in the higher degree of errors that are often caused at the workplace. The objectives of the project are as follows:

• Determine if the forklift operators are exposed to fatigue
• The time of the day they are most exposed to fatigue
• The day in the week where they are at risk of fatigue

Causes of Fatigue and Stress among Forklift Operators

The objective of the research is to find out:

• If fatigue amongst operators are in existence in my workplace
• Recommend measures to prevent workers from fatigue

The Forklift operators need to adapt into awkward postures in order to perform their workplace activity. In most of the cases this posture causes stress and fatigue experience to skeletal muscles, which often increases the risk of injury in the lower back region of the body. According to Coenen et al. (2017), the Forklifts are considered to be essential equipment for the construction industry, which are used in the transportation of heavy and hazardous materials. The critical activities that are associated with the Forklift are often responsible for the awkward injuries that are caused to the operators of the equipment. It is important to have a proper posture for the operator in order to minimize the risk of all kind of injuries.

Mitropoulos and Memarian(2012), have mentioned about the importance of virtual reality programs, which will help the operators to get accustomed with real time usage of forklifts. This can help them to significantly reduce the risk of injuries and help them to deal with the stress like conditions.

In order to a custom the Forklift operator with real life situation, it is important for them to practice just stressful activity in artificial simulation environment (Milanowicz et al. 2018). This will help to ensure that they are in proper posture in the practical field in order to minimize all forms of injuries and fatigue that can cause due to overtime work. All forms of obstacles that may be present within the warehouse are represented as a part of the artificial simulation activity. The operators also need to go through training process in order to accustom with the real life environment. In the given context Cheng et al. (2012), has mentioned about the ergonomic analysis that is done minimize the workplace stress faced by the Forklift operators. This will help to ensure that proper design is being implemented in the forklifts in order to ensure that the operators are able to carry out their activity with proper posture.

The fatigue generally refers to the physical and mental exhaustion, which prevents an individual to function normally under a given circumstance. This is generally caused due to prolonged period of mental and physical works that ultimately tires down an individual (Santarnecchi et al. 2015). 

The central fatigue is one of the common consequences that are faced at workplace due to high level of stress. The main cause of Central fatigue is not due to disturbance in the muscular cells but rather from the central nervous system. The transmission signals that operate within the central nervous system are highly disturbed due to Central fatigue (Pageaux et al. 2015). As an individual perform higher level of physical work, the signal from the central nervous system gets disturbed thereby causing muscle fatigue. It also depends upon individual’s ability to handle high level of physical stress. Most of the muscle fatigue among individual are caused due to physiological impairments. This is mainly caused due to inefficiency in the metabolic activity. The high levels of physical activities are mainly responsible for issues within the metabolism of body that ultimately affects the muscles. The major challenging element in the given case is to understand the origin of fatigue.

Recommendations for Mitigating the Risks of Fatigue and Stress

There is also the case of peripheral fatigue, which is mainly caused due to an ability of the muscular cells to perform according to physical needs. The main cause of peripheral fatigue within the muscular cells is due to depression of glycogen and other phosphate compounds that are needed in metabolic activities. There is also high level of lactate accumulation which is also responsible for causing muscle fatigue (Santarnecchi et al. 2015).

Most of the employees in current workplace environment suffer from fatigue due to higher level of stress and mental pressure. This can have a significant effect on the overall productive capability of an individual at the workplace. Most of the workplace environment in the modern days does not have proper provision to look after the mental needs of the patients.

Nearly 15% of the workplace injuries in hazardous condition occurred due to high level of muscular fatigue (Valent et al. 2016). Hence, fatigue can be considered as one of the major risk factors that contribute to the physical injuries of employees.

Lack of sleep during the night time, is considered to be the major cause of fatigue among most of the individual. Under several circumstances in modern day workplace, the workers have to perform under night duties in order to fulfil the business requirement. This kind of hectic Lifestyle ultimately leaves a negative impact upon the physical and mental health. It can therefore be said that the risk of fatigue among the night workers are significantly higher (Lee et al. 2016).There are also other factors like working under unhealthy workplace environment, which are also responsible for Muscular fatigue. This includes all the workers, who performed under extreme conditions. In construction industry for example, labourers have to work under extreme heat condition, which can cause dehydration within the muscular cells. In several circumstances, these workers have to operate heavy machineries that increase the risk of working under and healthy conditions.

It is highly important to minimise and mitigate the risk factors, which can control the unhealthy workplace environment. It is important for every employee to understand the underlying cause for workplace fatigue, which ultimately compromises upon the performance capability of individual employee (Jørgensen et al. 2016). Under every given circumstance, proper risk management plan need to be implemented, which will help to identify all the on Save environment condition. For example the night workers, who are mainly under the risk of muscular fatigue need to take proper intervention steps by increasing the daytime sleep. It is also the responsibility of the employer to ensure that all the workers are able to get adequate mental and physical rest in order to perform effectively at the workplace.

Research Studies on Forklift Operators’ Fatigue and Stress

A team of researchers Zakaria, Mansor and Abdullah (2012) conducted a research to find out the primary reason for workplace related injuries and accidents and to identify the extent to which occupational health and safety is applicable in those organizations of Malaysia. Their primary objective was to identify stress and fatigue that leads to accident among workers and to identify the nature of job which is mostly prone to such workplace related accidents. For the data collection and methodological prospects, they conducted face to face interviews with the operational manager, operations executive, foreman, workers, with a set of questionnaire and after that generation of qualitative data was done. The result indicated to the fact that machineries and tools such as Forklifts were responsible for most of the workplace injuries and accidents and stress and fatigue worked as the primary source due to which people generated workplace related accidents. Similar results were obtained in the research conducted by Widanarko and Modjo (2017) in an Indonesian beverage industry. This research was focused to understand the occupational risks associated to fatigue and stress related symptoms and they included Forklift operators in this assessment too. Further, for the assessment of fatigue and stress related symptoms they included a 7-question format and using that they conducted a qualitative survey. The validation of this result in this research increases because 40% responders were Forklift operators, and the result determined that sitting postures, heavy lifting and stressful healthcare environment were responsible for the increased stress and fatigue in those Forklift operators and drivers. The associated enhancers of the symptoms included age, years of work, smoking status, shift work, employment status, duration of Forklift operation and lifting heavy barrels or trunks using it.

Where these two research articles established that stress and fatigue in the workplace is associated with accidents, injuries and Forklift operators are the one who suffer from these risk factors the most, Bozkurt, Dai and Özbek (2017), conducted a survey to understand the reason Forklift operator become prone to fatigue and stress and further which parts of the Forklift operator machine should be modified so that they work becomes easier and less stressful. They conducted a static analysis of the diesel driven forklift and used finite element method for this purpose. Further they identified several portions of the Forklift operator machine and identified that the position of the driver seat, head guards, the chassis as these are the primary contributors in the stress factor increasing due to the placement of these parts in inappropriate position. While these groups of researchers conducted survey to understand the impact of the machine and positioning of its parts, another set of researchers conducted survey to understand the postures and working patterns of the workers who work as Forklift operator in food, beverages and heavy lifting related organizations. Dhineesh et al. (2016) focused their research on the automotive seating system and centers the working pattern of drivers who work intensely in harsh and stressful conditions. Their primary concern in this study was to determine proper angles and postures and to identify that these preferred driving positions were important for comfort and safety for each driver who work as Forklift operator. in the result it can be determined that as there are many designs and model of forklift machines are available, the authors were not completely able to find out the exact sitting postures and comfortable position that will be useful to maintain safety and protection of those workers while working with the forklift operating machines. Another research study that should be mentioned in the literature review was conducted to identify the type of problem, the workers working as Forklift operators has to face in industries due to emergence of stress and fatigue. Researchers Kadira, Mohammad and Othman (2015) conducted this survey to understand the type of health concerns these workers face and establishes that the primary heath consequence that occurs due to this stressful work is lower back pain. Further this lower back can become the reason for many more health and physical injuries and accidents. Hence, from these above literatures, it can be determined that Forklift operators are at highest risks in industries as the working environment and its intensity increases the chance of fatigue and stress leading to workplace or occupational injuries and accidents

The given section will describe the research methods and study design that has been used by the investigators in order to understand the underlying cause of workplace fatigue of Forklift operators. Adequate data have been collected from relevant sources in order to ensure that proper conclusion can be drawn related to the objective of the research.

The investigators have mainly followed the inductive approach of research, where the questionnaires for data collection have been designed directly according to the research aim and objectives (Sekaran and Bougie 2016). For data analysis section, the only focus has been given up on the primary data. These are collected from interview and survey of the workers, who are employed as Forklift operator in the construction industry.

Non probability sampling method has been used in order to ensure that the source of the data is predetermined (Etikan et al. 2016). In the given context it can be said that there are two forms of sampling method that are primarily used by the researchers. In random sampling method, the sample size is chosen without any predetermined fact.

For the given research work the researchers have chosen 10 workers who are currently deployed as Forklift operators in the construction industry. Out of the 10 workers 7 has been chosen depending upon their experience level. These workers need to have a minimum of 10 years of experience in the respective industry. This has ensured that the researchers have been able to collect data from reliable source. It has also helped to ensure that employees who have been chosen for the interview and survey have encountered workplace fatigue in some point of their career. 3 of the workers need to have less than 5 years of experience. This will help to ensure that the data are being collected even from the newly joined workers. Hence, it has been possible for the researchers to collect data from a wide range of sources.

There is however certain ethical factors that prevented the interviewers to interact with all the workers. Two of the workers refused to share their individual information to the data collectors. Hence, the analysis has been done by collecting data from 8 workers of the construction industry. There were other limitations which included lack of time that prevented the workers to collect more relevant data. The quality of the research work has therefore been slightly compromised.

The age of the participants in the interview and survey has been restricted to 25 to 30 years old. The major reason for the variation in the age is to ensure that age factor do not act as a biases in data collection process. Race of the workers has also been selected in random method to ensure that there is no form of discrimination.

Questionnaires have been given to the participants of survey and interview to understand how they feel in their existing workplace environment. These include data related to their personal Lifestyle at the workplace (Powell et al. 2017). Questions have also been asked related to the intervention and prevention measures taken by every worker in order to minimise the risk of workplace fatigue.

The rating of the fatigue metre is used according to the latest monitoring system. This scale is designed to provide the idea of the degree of fatigue that is encountered by every individual (Chuang et al. 2015). This is done through the use of an 11-point Likert scale with diagrammatic selections. This two-part system seems to make the rating easier for participants and, therefore, provides a more precise way of determining perceived fatigue levels.

• Have you ever suffered from fatigue while operating forklift works in the workplace?
• What do you think causes mental fatigue while operating forklift in the workplace?
• What are the symptoms that you have encountered due to fatigue at the workplace?
• What are the intervention measures that you take to deal with the issues of fatigue in the work site?
• What are the preventive measures that you take to deal with stress and fatigue at workplace?

The fatigue questionnaire was drafted taking into considerations the factors contributing to fatigue (Picariello et al. 2016). Namely, boredom, visual fatigue, malaise, and muscular fatigue to determine the reason or a combination of reasons which causes them to be fatigue while operating the forklift. These questions will be asked of them and the data will be collected and mapped out to determine the main reason causing the workers to be fatigue in the workplace (Fuhrmann et al. 2015).

All participants were informed on the aims and objective of the research. Participants may withdraw from the research at any time. Information gathered will be confidential and discarded upon completion of the research (Cho et al. 2015). Participants are protected and neither names nor particulars shall be revealed. Upon consent for participation in the research, subjects will be given a consent form to sign and shall be kept for record (Mertens et al. 2017).  

	Name of Worker (Designation)	Have you ever suffered from fatigue while operating forklift works in the workplace?	What do you think causes mental fatigue while operating forklift in the workplace?	What are the symptoms that you have encountered due to fatigue at the workplace?	What are the intervention measures that you take to deal with the issues of fatigue in the work site?	What are the preventive measures that you take to deal with stress and fatigue at workplace?
1.	Islam Zahidul (Fork Lift Operator)	Yes	Hot weather	Breathing difficulty	Drink water/ Rest	Drink water, Eat properly, wear dark glasses to prevent sunlight
2.	Torkul (Fork Lift Operator)	Yes	Hot weather	Breathing difficulty	Drink water/ Rest	2hrs once wash face
3.	V. Selvakumar (Fork Lift Operator)	Yes	Hot weather	Body Pain	Drink water/ Rest	Drink water
4.	Hasan (Fork Lift Operator)	Yes	Hot weather Long hours operating	Breathing difficulty	Drink water/ Rest	2hrs once wash face, wear dark glasses to prevent sunlight
5.	HosainMdTufadol (Fork Lift Operator)	Yes	Hot weather	Breathing difficulty	Drink water/ Rest	1-2hrs wash face and drink water
6.	JayaramanSeambarasan (Fork Lift Operator)	Yes	Hot weather	Body pain	Drink water/ Rest	Get more rest, eat properly, Wear dark glass
7.	P. Mahalingam (Fork Lift Operator)	Yes	Hot weather and long hour of operations	Breathing difficulty	Drink water/ Rest	1-2hrs wash face, eat properly, wear dark glass to prevent sunlight
8.	K. ShomusfaSundors	Yes	Hot weather	No symptoms	Drink water/ Rest	1-2hrs wash face, Drink water, eat properly

As the interview has been conducted among 8 workers, who are currently recruited in the post of Forklift operator, it is hear that almost all of them have suffered from the symptoms of workplace fatigue. Five set of questions has been asked to each of the workers and the following things have been set accordingly.

Theme 1: Weather the Walkers has suffered from fatigue while operating Forklift in the workplace

All the 8 interview participants have agreed with the fact that they did suffered from workplace fatigue due to operation in the Forklift. Hence, workplace fatigue for Forklift operators is quite common due to the high level of stress that is involved in the work. All the workers have agreed upon the fact that due to higher level of concentration that is required in their work is the major cause of fatigue and stress.

Theme 2: Cause of mental Patti for the workers in Forklift operation

From the answers that have been given by the workers in interview it is clear that hot and humid weather in the workplace environment is one of the major causes of physical and mental stress. The workers have agreed to the fact that as the heavy machineries is used in Forklift operation it is quite common that the surrounding temperature will raise. Few of the workers even have to perform their duty for long hours in the high temperature. Hence, operating under unhealthy workplace environment is considered to be the major causes of physical and mental fatigue.

Theme 3: Symptoms that are associated with workplace fatigue of Forklift operators

Nearly all the workers have faced breathing difficulty as a major symptom of workplace fatigue. One of them has even encountered the symptom of body pain. The high heat and humid condition is mainly responsible for the breathing difficulties that are encountered by most of the workers. As the workers are not able to get fresh air in the unhealthy workplace environment, the chance of encountering high level of stress is increased. Hence, due to workplace fatigue most of the workers have to face with mental health issues.

Theme 4: Intervention measures that are taken by the Forklift operator to deal with workplace fatigue

As most of the workers have to work in unhealthy environment in hot and humid conditions, all of the interview participants followed the strategy of drinking plenty of water. This is highly required to deal with the issue of dehydration that is common for any individual in heated environment. As fatigue is generally caused due to lack of water in the muscle cells, taking lot of water will help to deal with the health issues. Another major intervention measures is taking adequate rest, which will help to relax the muscle tissues.

Theme 5: Preventive measures that are taken by the workers to deal with workplace fatigue

In order to prevent workplace fatigue most of the workers in Forklift operation need to drink enough water to keep their body hydrated under hot and humid condition. Most of the workers have also used sunglasses in order to protect your eyes from direct heat contact.

1. At which hour of the day do you feel most tired while operating forklift during work in the past week?

Options	Response Frequency	Total Respondents	Percentage of Responses
8-10 am	0	8	0
10 am– 12pm	1	8	12.5
1pm – 3 pm	2	8	25
3 pm – 5 pm	5	8	62.5

Figure 1: Time of the day when the workers feel most tired

From the above collected data it is clear that majority of the workers suffers from tiredness during the 3pm to 5pm. Hence, most of the workers feel the work pressure during the last half of the day, when they already performed long hours of duty.

1. Which workday of the week do you feel the most tired?

Options	Response Frequency	Total Respondents	Percentage of Responses
Mon	0	8	0
Tue	0	8	0
Wed	2	8	25
Thus	2	8	25
Fri	4	8	50

Figure 2: Day when the workers most tired

Nearly half of the workers faced the consequences of tiredness during the last day of the week. Hence, it can be said that most of them has the consequences of fatigue as they worked for long hours during the entire week.

1. My eyes are tired after driving for more than 2 hours

Options	Response Frequency	Total Respondents	Percentage of Responses
5	0	8	0
4	1	8	12.5
3	1	8	12.5
2	4	8	50
1	2	8	25

Half of the workers faced the tiredness in the eyes almost never during anytime of the week. Hence, the symptom of eye tiredness is hardly related with that of the consequences of fatigue. Just 12% of the workers have faced heavy consequences due to the tiredness in the eyes.

1. I have heavy eyes while operating forklift

Options	Response Frequency	Total Respondents	Percentage of Responses
5	0	8	0
4	0	8	0
3	0	8	0
2	2	8	25
1	6	8	75

From the above data, it can be said that the symptoms of heavy eye is quite rare with the forklift operators, who are suffering from workplace fatigue.

1. I am fed up doing the task every day.

Options	Response Frequency	Total Respondents	Percentage of Responses
5	0	8	0
4	0	8	0
3	1	8	12.5
2	0	8	0
1	7	8	87.5

The above data suggests that none of the workers feel fed up with the activities of fork lift operations in their everyday activity. Just one of the workers felt high level of tiredness in their everyday activity.

1. I have severe or chronic lower back pain

Options	Response Frequency	Total Respondents	Percentage of Responses
5	0	8	0
4	0	8	0
3	2	8	25
2	1	8	12.5
1	5	8	62.5

The above data suggests that lower back pain is also one of the rare symptoms for the workers suffering from the workplace fatigue. Just few of the workers, who do not sit in the proper manner face the overall consequences of back pain along with that of the workplace fatigue.

1. I feel stiffness in my legs after operating

Options	Response Frequency	Total Respondents	Percentage of Responses
5	0	8	0
4	0	8	0
3	5	8	62.5
2	2	8	25
1	1	8	12.5

The above collected data suggests that stiffness of the legs is commonly faced symptoms that are encountered by the forklift operators of the construction workers. Nevertheless, it is just encountered by most of the workers at a frequency of one or twice in a week. It can also be said that the chronic pain is often associated with the effects of muscular dysfunction. This is regarded as one of the major consequences of workplace fatigue among the forklift operators.

1. I get tension or muscle spasms in my face, jaw, neck or shoulders.

Options	Response Frequency	Total Respondents	Percentage of Responses
5	0	8	0
4	0	8	0
3	7	8	87.5
2	1	8	12.5
1	0	8	0

The consequences of pain within the neck, jaws, neck and shoulder can be one of the major symptoms of workplace fatigue of the forklift operators. These symptoms are also encountered once or twice every week by majority of the workers.

I get headaches and nausea when I operate

Options	Response Frequency	Total Respondents	Percentage of Responses
5	0	8	0
4	0	8	0
3	0	8	0
2	1	8	12.5
1	7	8	87.5

In spite of high level of workplace stress that is associated with workplace fatigue, most of the workers do not face the consequences of nausea and headache. Just 12% of the workers faced the consequences of nausea as they were not able to deal with the stress of workplace fatigue.

1. Do you get flickering of the eyes while operating forklift?

Options	Response Frequency	Total Respondents	Percentage of Responses
5	0	8	0
4	0	8	0
3	1	8	12.5
2	0	8	0
1	7	8	87.5

As found in the above section the stress with the eyes is not a common symptom that are associated with the workplace fatigue. This also gives the above data that says that flickering of eyes is not one of the common issues that are encountered by the forklift operators. Hence, the workers do not have major concerns that are related with eye sight issues.

1. Do you feel bored by the task that you do and would want to do something else other than operate forklift?

Options	Response Frequency	Total Respondents	Percentage of Responses
Yes	0	8	0
No	8	8	100

Figure 3: Frequency of the worker who feels bored in their daily activity
           

The above data suggest that none of the workers feel bored in the activity of Forklift operation within the construction industry. This data is highly contradiction to the overall consequence of workplace fatigue. In spite of the fact that the Forklift operators have the risk of workplace fatigue and stress, none of the workers feel bored with their activity. This data can be regarded as a positive sign of workplace motivation

Conclusion and Recommendations

From the section of findings it is clear that workplace fatigue among the Forklift operator of the construction industry is highly common. Most of the workers face this consequence due to high level of physical and mental stress that is involved in the activity of Forklift operation. High level of temperature and humid condition are responsible for the unhealthy workplace environment for the workers. It can also be concluded from the section of literature review that lack of hydration in the muscular cells in hot and humid condition are responsible for irregular metabolic activities. This ultimately results in lack of oxygen supply in the muscular tissues, thereby causing muscular fatigue.

From the finding section of the interview of workers it is clear that hot and humid condition ultimately results in workplace fatigue. The major symptoms include difficulty in breathing and physical pain. This has also been highlighted in a section of literature review, where it has been said that lack of oxygen are mainly responsible for fatigue in the muscular tissues. It is therefore highly recommended for the workers in the Forklift operation to keep them hydrated in order to avoid the risk of workplace fatigue and stress.

From the section of literature review it can also be concluded that the employers are highly responsible to ensure that the risk of what place fatigue under extreme conditions are minimised. As in most of the cases, due to lack of awareness both among employees and employers, there are no adequate preventive measures taken by the Forklift operator to avoid the consequence of fatigue. Keeping the body hydrated with essential Fluids can be one of the major intervention steps that have been taken by the workers who have suffered from workplace fatigue.

There are also additional preventive measures which include washing of face and wearing sunglass in order to prevent fluid loss from the body under hot and humid conditions. Getting adequate rest is also essential in order to ensure that proper oxygen is being supplied in the muscular tissues. The degree of fatigue that has been encountered by individual workers depends upon their duration of shift hours under Forklift operation.

The section of survey has also highlighted upon few of the important symptoms that are associated with the workplace fatigue. It can be concluded that the issues of the eye sights is rarely associated with fatigues. This is in similar with the findings of the section of literature review, which suggests that fatigue mainly affects the muscular tissues. It can also be concluded that stiffness of legs are more commonly faced by any other symptoms by the forklift operators of the construction industry. Most of the workers have also been able to avoid the consequences of nausea. This helps to conclude that most of the workers are able to deal with the consequences of the same by maintaining a proper diet during their duty hours. The most commonly faced symptoms are however, due to the effects of tension in the muscle of shoulder region. This is also highlighted in the section of literature review, where most of the workers are believed to face the consequences of central fatigue. This is mainly caused due to the disturbance in the signalling system of the central nervous system.

The issue of headache is also rarely faced by the workers. From this, it can be concluded that workers of the respective construction industry take proper precautions by keep themselves hydrated. The evident of the same can be found in the interview section, where most of the forklift operators wash their face at regular intervals. This helps them to lower the temperature of certain body parts that are directly exposed to the heavy machines.

From the section of the survey within the finding one of the surprising conclusion that can be drawn is the fact that in spite of the workplace fatigue none of the workers within the industry are bored with their respective duty jobs. This can be considered as one of the major positive outcomes as the worker is able to keep themselves motivated.

It is highly recommended to have fatigue management program at the construction industry in order to effectively reduce the risk of workplace stress (Van Heest et al. 2017). In order to fulfil the high demand of jobs in the construction industry of Forklift operation, most of the employees have to work under extreme condition for long duration (Asano and Finlayson 2014). In order to avoid multiple factors that are responsible for workplace fatigue it is important to use proper biological. The fatigue risk management program includes strong recommendations for adequate sleep for every employee during the resting hours. Proper mental and Physical health check-ups can help to minimise all the risks that are associated with unhealthy workplace environment of the Forklift operators (Boivin and Boudreau 2014).

References

Asano, M. and Finlayson, M.L., 2014. Meta-analysis of three different types of fatigue management interventions for people with multiple sclerosis: exercise, education, and medication. Multiple sclerosis international, 2014.

Boivin, D.B. and Boudreau, P., 2014. Impacts of shift work on sleep and circadian rhythms. Pathologie Biologie, 62(5), pp.292-301.

Bozkurt, Ö.Y., Dai, ?.C. and Özbek, Ö., 2017. The Finite Element Analysis and Geometry Improvements of Some Structural Parts of a Diesel Forklift Truck. Periodicals of Engineering and Natural Sciences (PEN), 5(2).

Cheng, W.J., Cheng, Y., Huang, M.C. and Chen, C.J., 2012. Alcohol dependence, consumption of alcoholic energy drinks and associated work characteristics in the Taiwan working population. Alcohol and alcoholism, 47(4), pp.372-379.

Cho, M.K., Taylor, H., McCormick, J.B., Anderson, N., Barnard, D., Boyle, M.B., Capron, A.M., Dorfman, E., Havard, K., Reider, C. and Sadler, J., 2015. Building a central repository for research ethics consultation data: A proposal for a standard data collection tool. Clinical and translational science, 8(4), pp.376-387.

Chuang, L.L., Lin, K.C., Hsu, A.L., Wu, C.Y., Chang, K.C., Li, Y.C. and Chen, Y.L., 2015. Reliability and validity of a vertical numerical rating scale supplemented with a faces rating scale in measuring fatigue after stroke. Health and quality of life outcomes, 13(1), p.91.

Dhineesh, P., Gopanna, K., Elavarasi, A., Srinivasan, P.S.S., Visagavel, K., Sakthivel, D., Prakash, J. and Senthil, M., 2016. Analysis of driving postres in forklift operations. Advances in Natural and Applied Sciences, 10(9 SE), pp.77-81.

Etikan, I., Musa, S.A. and Alkassim, R.S., 2016. Comparison of convenience sampling and purposive sampling. American Journal of Theoretical and Applied Statistics, 5(1), pp.1-4.

Fuhrmann, K., Mehnert, A., Geue, K. and Hinz, A., 2015. Fatigue in breast cancer patients: psychometric evaluation of the fatigue questionnaire EORTC QLQ-FA13. Breast Cancer, 22(6), pp.608-614.

Jørgensen, M.B., Villadsen, E., Burr, H., Punnett, L. and Holtermann, A., 2016. Does employee participation in workplace health promotion depend on the working environment? A cross-sectional study of Danish workers. BMJ open, 6(6), p.e010516.

Kadira, Z.A., Mohammad, R. and Othmanc, N., Low Back Pain Problem amongst Port Crane Operator.

Lee, M.L., Howard, M.E., Horrey, W.J., Liang, Y., Anderson, C., Shreeve, M.S., O’Brien, C.S. and Czeisler, C.A., 2016. High risk of near-crash driving events following night-shift work. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 113(1), pp.176-181.

Mertens, D.M., 2017. Ethics of Qualitative Data Collection. The SAGE Handbook of Qualitative Data Collection, p.33.

Milanowicz, M., Budziszewski, P. and K?dzior, K., 2018. Numerical analysis of passive safety systems in forklift trucks. Safety Science, 101, pp.98-107.

Mitropoulos, P. and Memarian, B., 2012. Task demands in masonry work: Sources, performance implications, and management strategies. Journal of Construction Engineering and Management, 139(5), pp.581-590.

Pageaux, B., Marcora, S.M., Rozand, V. and Lepers, R., 2015. Mental fatigue induced by prolonged self-regulation does not exacerbate central fatigue during subsequent whole-body endurance exercise. Frontiers in human neuroscience, 9, p.67.

Picariello, F., Moss-Morris, R., Macdougall, I. and Chilcot, J., 2016. Measuring fatigue in haemodialysis patients: psychometric properties of the Chalder Fatigue Questionnaire (CFQ). European Health Psychologist, 18(S), p.969.

Powell, D.J., Liossi, C., Schlotz, W. and Moss-Morris, R., 2017. Tracking daily fatigue fluctuations in multiple sclerosis: ecological momentary assessment provides unique insights. Journal of behavioral medicine, 40(5), pp.772-783.

Santarnecchi, E., Rossi, S., Bartalini, S., Cincotta, M., Giovannelli, F., Tatti, E. and Ulivelli, M., 2015. Clinical Study Neurophysiological Correlates of Central Fatigue in Healthy Subjects and Multiple Sclerosis Patients before and after Treatment with Amantadine.

Santarnecchi, E., Rossi, S., Bartalini, S., Cincotta, M., Giovannelli, F., Tatti, E. and Ulivelli, M., 2015. Clinical Study Neurophysiological Correlates of Central Fatigue in Healthy Subjects and Multiple Sclerosis Patients before and after Treatment with Amantadine.

Sekaran, U. and Bougie, R., 2016. Research methods for business: A skill building approach. John Wiley & Sons.

Valent, F., Mariuz, M., Liva, G., Bellomo, F., De Corti, D., Degan, S., Ferrazzano, A. and Brusaferro, S., 2016. A case-crossover study of sleep, fatigue, and other transient exposures at workplace and the risk of non-fatal occupational injuries among the employees of an Italian academic hospital. International journal of occupational medicine and environmental health, 29(6), pp.1001-1009.

Van Heest, K.N., Mogush, A.R. and Mathiowetz, V.G., 2017. Effects of a One-to-One Fatigue Management Course for People With Chronic Conditions and Fatigue. American Journal of Occupational Therapy, 71(4), pp.7104100020p1-7104100020p9.

Waters, T., Genaidy, A., Deddens, J. and Barriera?Viruet, H., 2005. Lower back disorders among forklift operators: an emerging occupational health problem?. American journal of industrial medicine, 47(4), pp.333-340.

Widanarko, B. and Modjo, R., 2017. Occupational Risk Factors for Acute Fatigue Symptoms among Indonesian Beverage Industry Workers. Stress, 2(3), pp.0-002.

Zakaria, N.H., Mansor, N. and Abdullah, Z., 2012. Workplace accident in Malaysia: most common causes and solutions. Bus Manag Rev, 2, pp.75-88.