Interest in Mechanical Engineering and Its Contributions to Society

Discuss about the Interpersonal communication of Engineering graduate.

Engineering graduates of Australia must have some core competencies and skill levels along with relevant practical experiences that would aid in being effective and productive. This report contains the evaluation of the competencies that have been identified from the list of Stage 1 competency. The purpose of this paper is to analyze such competencies with reference to the qualities presented by a graduate from the USQ and then compare and contrast the same with a graduate engineer from Australia. Further focus is provided to the skills that are generally desired by different industries and must be possessed by individuals willing to work and grow in a professional environment. The paper also includes a reflection on the effect of the project, that my team has undertaken, on the population of Australia.

Mechanical Engineering has very deep science underlying beneath the surface of the study. I had developed an interest in the science that supports the base of the particular discipline of engineering. Mechanical engineering can be used to provide solutions to almost all of the problems that emerge and challenge the populace of the world. Coalition with other branches of engineering is also fruitful, nevertheless, mechanical engineering will always be used to form the base of the solution. I have also come to the realization that each subject related to the science background has their own individual purpose. However, when combined together they serve the purpose of creating concepts and solutions that will aid in solving the problem a hand.

I have studied different subjects like mathematics and chemistry in my earlier days. However, among all the subjects that I have studied in my previous curriculum, I found physics to be of paramount interest to me. I was very fascinated by the theories and concepts and their respective application. I was although more attracted towards Newtonian physics rather than Quantum physics. This compelled me to undertake further courses on mechanical engineering as the knowledge gained from the discipline has assisted me in creating innovative solution for the needful. Knowledge gained from these various courses are of no use if they are not implemented in the real world. Real time interactions with the help of expert guidance, I was able to understand the true importance of engineering and the need for further development in this sector.

Engineers must follow a definite code of practice that assists in creating standards of service delivery. Engineers are known as the builders of the world. They provide their service and expertise for the development of the society. Therefore, engineers must possess high ethical values that would aid them to deliver uncorrupted service to humanity. There are vast numbers of legal norms in a country and an engineer must abide by all of them to create the best solution for the client. Sometimes, an engineer must take some desperate decisions at times of urgency. The decision is generally frowned upon and criticized by the society. However, in my opinion during such times it is better to utilize the time for damage ruction and disaster management instead of acting late on a situation. I have always upheld the safety of those around me before undertaking any unavoidable risk. I have always emphasized the use of safety gears during working in the field. Risk management is an integral part of the engineering discipline. I have experienced that most of times we apply risk management based on the outcome of the project that we have designed. However, this kind of approach is not suitable for projects that directly impact the environment. Projects that are related to mining, oil and natural gas extraction negatively impact the environment if the process goes out of control. Thus, for such scenarios we must use predictive analysis for risk identification and mitigation. I also emphasize the use of sustainable practices for my projects like the use of recycled water wherever possible and the use of materials that have low carbon-footprint.

Importance of Ethical Practices and Risk Management in Engineering Projects

I have experienced various scenarios where the situation is very complex to handle. Upon extensive analysis, I have identified that such situations consist of many intricate problems. These are problems must be divided into equal relevant parts and then dealt with separately. A standard work breakdown structure can be utilized to understand and evaluate each task. The decomposed tasks are simple and easy to complete. Due to the application of such a structure, I can easily manipulate the complexity of different tasks at hand and manage my solutions accordingly. I have also experienced that a majority of the mechanical problems often can be solved by applying the simplest solutions. Therefore, I prefer to analyze a situation before applying any particular measure to the situation. Careful analysis and calculation has aided to create some fascinating results in the field of mechanical engineering. In a small project, I had to create a miniature bridge using recycled materials only. However, such a bridge must be able to withstand a weight of 8 kg. I used various materials like wet sand, clay and even garden soil. However, the foundations of the bridge were not strong enough. After careful analysis, I segregated the process of the building a bridge into smaller yet practically acceptable portions. These steps would include designing the bridge keeping in mind the weight to tensile strength ratio and selecting the best material for building the bridge. The choice of the base material on which I would erect the bridge is vital. The shape of the pillars is cylindrical to support the enormous amount of traffic daily. However, I selected other shapes to demonstrate the necessity of cylindrical shaped pillars. I observed that sand or clay by itself was not strong enough. However, when I created a mixture of sand and clay in 2:3 ratio, I noted that the foundation of the bridge was optimum. I also created two different shapes of pillars, a cuboid and a cylinder. The cuboid could successfully withstand a load of up to five kg. After that limit, the pillar would break and crumble. The cylindrical pillars however could however withstand a weight of eight kg up and can go to a limit of ten kg, after which the pillars broke down because the building material could not support such weight.

Application of various tools and mathematical models are vital for students of engineering as the outcome of a project has to be accurate with zero tolerance for error. Thus, to incorporate such practices, I utilize the various tools that are available to me. One such example is the Computer Aided Drawing. CAD is one of the fundamental tools that can be used by engineers to create a design of their projects. This design can then be used for simulation purposes. Thus, such a method has enabled me to apply predictive risk identification. Therefore, I can apply these tools in real life scenarios as failure of mechanical and civil projects are often responsible for the loss of human lives and irreparable damage to the environment. However, I believe that these tools are not entirely helpful. Every single outcome cannot be determined by simulation of designs. There might be some unforeseen agent that might pose danger to the success of the project. Such scenarios are only y encountered in the field and not in the laboratories.

Application of Tools and Mathematical Models for Accurate Outcomes

Ethics is vital for any professional as it forms the baseline on which the person must act on to achieve job satisfaction and to ensure that the decision-making process does not negatively affect the stakeholders of the project as well as the people who would be in direct or indirect contact with the project. The term stakeholder is very broad for projects undertaken by mechanical engineers like me. This is because our projects can consist of undertakings that affect the society directly. In that case, the society becomes one of the stakeholders. I have learnt from past experience that having a set value of ethics is vital as these values aid in developing a standard for the engineer to work on. Such standards will guide an engineer towards achieving better goals while taking into consideration the effects of his or her decisions on the people who are either directly or indirectly connected to the project he or she is a part of. I have also observed that ethics differs from person to person. I have entered into conflict many times because my ethical values were different from the other person.

I have always strived for being effective as it entails perfection. Communication is the best tool for being effective in one’s approach. I use my communication skills to convey my ideas and my thought process. I have always observed that expressing oneself is better as the other person then has the knowledge of my thoughts. While working projects, especially in the planning phase, communicating effectively is very vital as it aids the project manager and the program director to make informed decisions. In my experience, the ability to participate in various debates and discussions that address to either audiences with technical knowledge or non-technical background. I can be effective only when I am able to convey my ideas to both sets of audience. I also understand that the use of non-verbal communication skills is vital for communicating my ideas as visual representation is always helpful while communicating with the people. Documentation is also an integral part of effective communication. I have always encouraged the practice of detailed documentation of events and problems in the reports. This helps to communicate effectively with the superiors as they might not always be available for verbal communication.

I feel obliged to mention USQ as studying in this university has positively impacted my life. I feel more confident towards the discipline that I have dedicate myself to. The qualities that I have gained by studying here is vital for my professional life as I have been able to gain an in-depth knowledge about Mechanical Engineering. The friendly yet professional atmosphere of USQ has not only assisted me in developing a new outlook on the life of an engineer, the university has also taught me on how to be one.

Effective Communication and Documentation in Engineering

I had developed specific interests in subjects like Production Technology and Fluid Mechanics. After enrolling into USQ, I had developed more expertise in the discipline of mechanical engineering. Now, I can understand Thermal Engineering and Engineering Mechanics better that would aid me in diversifying my approach towards the field application of mechanical engineering. USQ strives at implementing expertise for the discipline chosen by the student. Therefore, gaining theoretical knowledge along with applying critical thinking skills is developed in the students of USQ. The university has also assisted me in creating a definite set of skills, which would be required for actively working in a professional environment. USQ also promotes intercultural interaction so that the students can work anywhere in the world. My communication skills with people with different cultural backgrounds have increased significantly. Creating meaningful connections with people is necessary to develop an effective work culture by working as a team and supporting each other in need. Team work is also an effective quality in an engineer. Working in a team is beneficial as completing a project requires a vast set of skills to be applied simultaneously. However, a single person cannot accommodate such a huge number skill set. Therefore, it is always useful to work in a well-diversified team. I have also gained sufficient knowledge that would aid me in providing knowledge to those in need at either my workplace or people in different communities. Online communities are very popular these days. Here, the people post their questions in blogs and social media. These questions are then answered by the respective experts of the particular domain. These websites have gained a huge amount of popularity among engineers belonging to different disciplines as they support each other with information that in turn help them to solve difficult problems. The University has also helped me in developing an interest for learning and gaining new knowledge every day. Previously, I used to spend my efforts into learning only when absolutely required in the situation. However, under the influence of USQ, I have successfully transformed myself into an active learner and now I do so independently and with an enormous amount of enthusiasm. Technology is rapidly changing its course and we are getting updates of old and outdated technology. Being an engineer, I should be able to keep myself updated with the recent technology. I have experienced that implementing new technology is not always beneficial as it might have adverse effects on the team and the project that it is implemented on. Therefore, in my opinion, a thoroughly field-tested technology must be used. I have also established extremely developed problem-solving skills, which is necessary for creating the best possible solution for the client.

USQ’s Impact on Personal and Professional Development

Engineers by profession must possess responsibility towards the work that they have undertaken. They should not underestimate the obligation that comes entitled with the discipline of engineering. I have therefore vowed to fulfil every responsibility that comes with the job. I would conduct my duties with the utmost sincerity. Engineers must also possess the ability to understand and analyze the requirements as stated by the client or the project head. Being engineers we are endowed with the purpose of serving the society and its needs. Therefore, professional engineers serve as the source of knowledge for the society. They are the problem solvers who work towards providing solution to those challenges that cannot be solved by traditional methods. Therefore, the engineers must also have the capabilities to use the right technological tools while delivering the desired solution. People with non-technical background will not be able to understand the intricacies of technology. Therefore, it is the responsibility of the engineers to interpret the technological jargons into simpler terms that is easily understandable by the general mass. The work structure of an Engineer is thus primarily intellectual and their professional opinion is revered in the society. I have also experienced that engineers can conduct independent researches in the latest technologies available that would aid in the development of their projects and the society in general. These researches can either help them to adapt to the new technologies in the market or create powerful engineering tools themselves. However, the engineers may also create new pathways by implementing continuous improvement to the existing laws, standards and code of ethics. The priorities of various other professions and their respective professionals have changed in the past years. However, the priority of engineers has always been the society in general. They would thus be responsible for handling technically advanced work. Every engineer must also have a particular set of ethical values that guide them to being proper engineers and uphold the laws of the society in general. These ethical values include serving the client or the society by making feasible amounts of profit. Nevertheless, they would never compromise quality to make profit. Providing high quality of solutions is therefore another responsibility of the engineers. Ethical standards and values defines the integrity of an engineer. Sustainable engineering is also an important aspect practiced by many engineers.  Resources are depleting at a rapid rate. With more activities worldwide, the need for valuable resources like water and fuel has increased steeply. Therefore, in my opinion it is the responsibility of an engineer to develop techniques that would limit the use of resources and at the same time maximize productivity.

In order to work effectively and professionally, the need for both hard and soft skills are needed. Some skills are highly desired by the industry while some are not. However, a combination of both sets of skills will definitely help an engineer to progress in his career. The hard skills are more technical oriented and these skills generally rely on the intelligence possessed by an individual. Having analytical skills is one such example. Soft skills are more reliant on the emotional quotient (EQ) of the person. Therefore, an example of such skill would be fluent and effective communication capabilities.

The mechanical engineering industry also has similar requirements. A combination of hard and soft skills is required here as well. I have extensively researched such skills and developed a list that consists of the most pursued skills by the industry. I have analyzed and discovered that every project needs a particular set of skills, that is generally a combination of technical skills, leadership skills and communication skills. The hard skills are those skills that are directly related to the technical skills of the project. Designing using AutoCAD and 3D CAD are important hard skills for the mechanical industry (Hubka 2015). An engineer must be able to design using the required knowledge for designing. Designing entire machines or parts of machines is an integral part of mechanical engineering. Blueprints are created using the above-mentioned software. The use of such software has aided the engineering sector to create various designs with less effort and the low time consumption. The three-dimensional design also helps to convey effectively to the client about the project as they would be able to visualize better than two-dimensional drawings. However, the skills for designing cannot be used independently and thus the skill for analytical thinking is also required alongside it. Analytical thinking entails observing and critically thinking solutions that when applied to the given situation will produce the necessary results (Cottrell 2017). Mechanical engineers must also possess the skills for testing and analyzing existing designs (Yin 2017). The engineer is then responsible for evaluating the result and then conduct the needful adjustment to the designs to make them effective. This skill is very essential for companies with old machineries and low capital investment. In my academic years, I have observed that the professors focused on developing a certain capability within the students of the mechanical discipline. We spent rigorous effort on creating working engineering drawings of different machines and its parts from information on the given requirements and other fundamental data on the design (Moreno-García, Elyan and Jayne 2017). We were encouraged to develop such an ability as most of the time, our future clients will be providing us with basic and vague information about their requirement. Therefore, it will be our duty to convert such information into meaningful structures of design. However, creating designs also entails various requirements to be fulfilled by the engineer. The designs must fulfill the safety and the legal guidelines (Bourrier 2017). These standards are preset and generally differ from nation to nation. Nevertheless, to achieve such standards, the calculation procedure must be free from error. There are some minor hard skills that are developed from various experiences after working in the Industry such as overseeing the process of manufacturing and preparing different conclusion and analysis reports. A mechanical engineer will be a part of different projects and in the future might have the opportunity to be the project manager of such projects. Therefore, these engineers must also possess the skills to manage and supervise projects. Creating the scope of the project and its deliverables along with having the necessary analytical skills to estimate the cost of the project (Kerzner and Kerzner 2017). Resource planning is also another hard skill that an engineer is required to develop after years of experience by working in different projects. The ability to plan however also relies on the analytical ability of different individuals. Therefore, the person with the most analytical power will be able to think and develop detailed plans that would be able to cover every requirement of the project. Risk management is another skill that an engineer must possess to be able to access and manage the predictable and unpredictable risks that would present itself in different projects. According to the research that I conducted it is however very debatable that whether to categorize such a skill as a hard skill or a soft skill. The soft skills would be covered in the next part of this paper and I should be able to further analyze it.

The soft skills that are required by every professional are almost the same except in some contexts. Basic communication skill is one such example. However, through my research I have learnt that engineering professionals require a huge range of soft skills. I have discovered that the Intelligence Quotient (IQ) to the Emotional Quotient (EQ) ratio of different individuals are not the same (Furnham 2016). The ratio varies with each individual and its requirement of the ratio for each profession is different. Profession such sales require a high EQ to IQ ratio whereas accounting requires a high IQ to EQ ration. Engineering however needs a balance of both IQ and EQ. A person must possess both to be able to achieve effective growth in this industry. The soft skills are highly dependent on the Emotional Quotient of an individual. Therefore, I have identified these skills as those that are required for personal development in the profession. This skill set cannot be imparted to an individual through the conventional process that is generally used by different institutions for teaching the hard skills. Communicating effectively is a soft skill that an engineer must possess to convey their thought process to their audience (Berger 2014). The receiver must be able to understand what the sender is trying to convey. Therefore, the sender must use all the tools available to him or her to convey the message effectively. The engineers have a huge responsibility when it comes to communicating effectively. They not only have to communicate their ideas to their team, they also have to translate the technical terms of their project to their client in simple language that is understandable by people with no technical background. Most of the projects of a mechanical engineer would be in the vicinity of population and directly affecting the society as a whole. Therefore, in the event of any protest from certain factions with concerns about the society or the environment, the engineer must handle the situation by responding to the protests and making them understand the benefits of the project. Team work is another important requirement in this industry as the projects are handled as teams of professionals with different skill sets (Itani and Srour 2015). Successful completion of a project requires active participation of individuals executing different functions. Therefore, an engineer must be able to work effectively in a team with the ability to support and encourage his or her fellow team members to achieve the desired goals in the designated time. Therefore, the engineer must to strive to achieve the goals and objectives of the team rather than focusing on individual purposes. An engineer is also expected to work effectively under pressure due to a number of reasons. Every company in this industry examines a potential candidate for work pressure handling skills. An engineer working on a particular project may face various stressful situations such as improper and inadequate planning leading to an unsuccessful project completion. There are times when the client brings the deadline of the project forward and demands a fast delivery. During such times, it is the responsibility of the engineer to mitigate such pressure and complete the project within the negotiated timeline. There are other factors that create more stress related situations such as insufficient risk management planning (Gaughan et al. 2017). A strong presenter is also preferred among other soft skill qualities that are generally required for this industry. The company might want the engineer to present the scope and the deliverable of the project to the client and respond to their queries in a professional manner (Pinto 2015). Such skills are therefore never imparted by the industry. However, every professional engineer seeking growth and success and success in this industry must put additional effort to develop these skills as it would help them to achieve them greater goals in the future.

The huge impact of population and its sharp growth has impacted countries such as China. China has implemented a one-child policy to limit the number of new born (Jian 2018). This has severely decelerated the birth rate of the Chinese population. However, there are countries and continents that have still not been able to put a limit on the birth rate of their population. Africa is one such continent where the birth rate still remains unregulated in spite of having a huge population. In 1900, it was estimated that the population of Africa is 140 million, it was one billion by the year of 2010 and it is estimated to rise to four billion by 2100 (Pison 2018)

I can safely analyze from these figures that there must be a huge amount of resource utilization in the country to properly feed such a huge population and with the increasing population the requirement for water would also increase. One of the basic resources of that is consumed by us is water and Africa is deficient in the resource. Clean water is scarcely available in the region and most of the population does not have access to drinkable water. Surface water is mostly accessible by them and they rarely utilize ground water. Therefore, the water that they do get is dangerously unhealthy and infected with various bacteria and viruses that can cause serious illness and even death. Congo River Basin has a huge supply of fresh water but then again most of the population live far away from the basin. There are some sources of fresh water scattered in different parts of the world. Nevertheless, such sources are mostly shared between two political different regions and hence most of time the conflict arises over the water sources. The climate is arid and there is very little rainfall to replenish the water resources that are available to the majority of the population and as a result the women have to walk for miles to avail water for their family. I have refrained from using the term fresh water, as the purity index of the water is very low with respect to the water that we can drink. Therefore, the purpose of my project would be to solve this water scarcity problem of Australia. I have identified two primary problems. One is the lack of ground water procurement and the next problem is the lack of filtering and disinfecting equipment for treating the surface water. I have also identified a major issue that is the huge distance between the water resources and the population. However, solving this issue will require major investment for creating connecting pipelines between the population locality and the water resources. Therefore, I have concentrated on the two former problems rather than the latter as the former can be completed with lower investment.

The project would entail exploration for ground water in the areas around dense population settlement. Ground water gets naturally filtered as it seeps into the cracks (Kostyla et al. 2015). Therefore, the water can be used with very little filtration required. However, I would recommend the use of some form of filtration and disinfection procedure to be safe from any unknown risks. Ground water can be pumped out by setting up extraction pumps and directly fed into the households. However, there would be huge volumes of water wastage. Therefore, I would use two sets of pumps, one for water extraction and the other would pump that water into huge storage tanks located at a distance of at least fifty meters from the ground. This would evenly distribute the water to all the households by using the power of gravity. A stop cock can be used to control the flow of water. I would build the water tank tower at the center of the population density. However, individual households can also opt for the use of individual pumps and reservoirs if they are located at the far end of the tower. This phase of the project will not be enough to meet the water needs of the population. However, will still provide some relief to the people. There is very little rainfall in various areas of the field and therefore this rainwater must be harvested and stored for use in the dry times. The agriculture industry of Africa must be utilizing huge volumes of fresh water. Therefore, rainwater harvesting is ideal for use in such scenarios. I would implement the use of channels and storage tanks for diverting the collected water into storage spaces. The next phase of my project plan would be to implement cheap and sustainable water treatment plants. This phase is necessary as it would be able to provide additional water supply to the people by purifying the available surface water. Generally, water purification is an inexpensive process and I would use some traditional techniques to bring down the cost further. Sedimentation and decantation can be used to separate the heavier impurities. Tanks containing gravel and rock beds can be used to remove the larger impurities from the water. However, there will be some very finite amounts of dirt that cannot be removed by the above technique. Therefore, for that I would use alum, a chemical that can separate the finer impurities from the water. The final process would include chlorination of the water to remove the harmful bacteria and viruses from the water. This step would cost more than the other steps nevertheless, it is necessary.

The two phases of my project will be able to sustain the population of Africa to some extent. However, if the population growth remains uncontrolled, then even the untapped resources of drinkable water will not be enough to supply the needs of the people of Africa.

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