Health Issues Faced by Anton

Health issues

An analysis of the case study of 20 year old Anton suggest that he suffers from a range of biological, psychological, social, and sexual health issues that have deteriorated his quality of life. Health is generally defined as the state of complete mental, physical, and social wellbeing, in addition to the major absence of some infirmity or disease (Stoddart & Evans, 2017). Upon collecting cues from the case study, it is quite evident that the patient Anton is overweight, which can be attributed to the high intake of fried food, sugar-rich soft drinks, and beverages that he consumes for a minimum of 4 litres, each day.  All of these factors have contributed to a sudden increase in weight, by approximately 15kg in a year and a body weight of 97 kg. Upon calculating his BMI with respect to the height, it has been found to be 29.9 that categorises him as overweight and on the borderline of being called an obese adult (Jensen et al., 2014). The major psychosocial issue that he suffers from is paranoia, a mental condition commonly characterized by delusions of exaggerated self-importance, or prosecution, which in turn is an aspect of drug abuse and chronic personality disorder (Freud, 2014). This has made him lose touch with reality. Unemployment, financial instability, social withdrawal, and distress regarding the impending future are some of the social issues that have also affected his life. Besides all of these aforementioned problems, he is also suffering from risks of sexual disorder, particularly impotency that has created a negative effect on his health and wellbeing.

Holistic medicine most often encapsulates different forms that help in healing the person and focuses on lifestyle changes, self-care and patient education to promote a general sense of wellness (Papathanasiou, Sklavou & Kourkouta, 2013). This often includes exercise, psychotherapy, diet, acupuncture, spiritual and relationship counselling. The issues that are currently faced by Anton comprise of his being overweight, substance abuse, and psychosis, risks of sexual disorder, lack of social engagement, and unemployment and lack of companion.

Issue faced	Goals Save Time On Research and Writing Hire a Pro to Write You a 100% Plagiarism-Free Paper. Get My Paper	Intervention
Overweight	Anton  will understand the ill effects of being overweight and will actively participate in weight management	· Formulating an effective diet plan · Making him adhere to lifestyle modifications such as, participation in physical  activities, moderate physical exercise for a minimum of 40 minutes, each day (Hutchesson et al., 2015)   · Referring him to effective obesity prevention programs.
Paranoia	He will get rid of the delusional beliefs and episodes of hallucination or irrational suspiciousness	· Administration of antipsychotic or anti-anxiety drugs (Kohut, 2013) · Cognitive behavioural therapy to improve mental functions · Educating on different coping skills such as, relaxation therapy and behavioural modifications (Morrison et al., 2015)
Substance abuse	He will become aware of how substance abuse creates an impact on major life areas	· Administer effective medications to  reduce craving and suppress withdrawal symptom (Volkow et al., 2014) · Refer him to long-term alcohol and drug rehabilitation program · Engage him in mindfulness exercise such as yoga and meditation (Khanna & Greeson, 2013) · Make him adhere to consumption of herbal medicines
Unemployment and financial instability	He will be able to better seek employment opportunities and utilise the pension	· Refer him to financial consultants and  organizations that provide employment services · Engagement in community programs for coping with uncertainty and stress (Cylus, Glymour & Avendano, 2014)
Lack of companion and sexual issue	Anton will be able to cope up with the psychological impact these sexual issues create	· Refer him for a counselling program · Prescribe DHEA and DHA  supplements (Moyad, 2014)

Table 1- Holistic care plan for Anton

These health professionals apply their expertise, with the aim of preventing transmission of disease, diagnosing, treating, or rehabilitating individuals, of all specialties and ages. They usually work in healthcare teams, in order to facilitate the entire healthcare system, to function properly by delivering a range of technical, diagnostic, and therapeutic patient support and care services. An analysis of the case study suggests that Anton has certain specialized healthcare needs that can be holistically and effectively managed only with the help of allied healthcare professionals. Proper nutrition is utmost important to overall wellbeing and the healthy living. A nutritionist is imperative in his treatment plan that will help him show adherence to dietary modifications that focus on consumption of food rich in fibre and with low fat and sugar content, thereby triggering the process of preventing weight gain (Orzech et al., 2013).  A psychotherapist will also be essential in improving his mental health and wellbeing, by resolving troublesome beliefs, behaviours, compulsions, emotions, and thoughts. This will directly create a positive impact on his social skills and facilitate treatment of the emotional problems that he is currently suffering from, with the help of interpersonal or cognitive behavioural therapy (Erlich, 2018). Help of a physiotherapist will also be required who will focus on exercise therapy and kinesiology, in order to promote the function and impaired mobility in the patient. This in turn will assist him in getting rid of the sedentary lifestyle, a major step towards reduction of weight.

Holistic Care Plan

Community resources are often considered essential and help in meeting specific needs for the people around them. They enhance the quality of life or enjoyment in a particular area, and often include a neighbourhood, libraries, volunteers, or organisations. Most health issues that deal with psychological abnormality require interventions for treatments that are able to address the holistic wellbeing of the affected person. Engagement in the community and volunteering in social work have been identified as useful community resources that help in improving the psychological condition of a patient. The case study suggests that Anton is suffering from a lack of self esteem, social exclusion and uncertainty, regarding his health, which in turn is affecting his quality of life. Therefore there is a need to refer him for participation in a psychology community engagement program, which will play an essential role in promoting empowerment of the patient (Acharya et al., 2017). This will directly facilitate in bringing about a modification in his personal views, regarding self-worth and will also provide opportunities to learn effective coping strategies to deal with the barriers that he is currently facing. Other resources to which Anton can be referred to include several eating disorders specialists, who will reduce the stigma surrounding the condition, and will also, make him feel the compulsion to engage in healthy eating behaviours that will improve his health. Referral to body image recovery services would also be beneficial in this case. The patient will also be referred to support services for sexual disorders and addiction that will provide immediate crisis assistance, and enhance the quality of life. Anton will be referred to the Lismore Community Health Centre that will allow him to access a wide range of health services. Some of the services that will be beneficial in this case are the helpline for ‘Area Wide Intake for Cannabis Clinic’, mental health line and healthy eating groups (Northern NSW Local Health District, 2018).

Upon analysing the case study of 20 year old patient named Anton, it can be deduced that his severe addiction to cannabis created the negative impact on his personal and social life thereby deteriorating his overall health and wellbeing. There is a need to address the issues faced by implementation of a holistic care plan that will focus on administration of both pharmaceutical and non-pharmaceutical interventions to help him overcome his eating disorder, psychological disorder, sexual issues and financial instability. Strict adherence to a healthy diet, participation in exercise and other physical activities, and an engagement in cognitive behavioural therapy and other community programs would prove successful in eliminating chances of recurrence of the health abnormalities. These interventions will eventually help him secure unemployment and get rid of stress in the long run.

Interventions for Obesity

Health issues

Prolonged substance abuse is frequently intertwined with the range of mental health issues and results in mild to severe psychological distress in the addicted individual (Lewis et al., 2014). Childhood history of sexual abuse can be regarded as one of the primary reasons that made the patient, Cat resort to habits that involve the use of drugs. The fact that she has been using methamphetamines for a long period of time can be attributed as the primary reason for the different health issues faced by her.  The primary biological issue identified in this case is a sudden and sweeping reduction in weight, which is one of the most common adverse effects of prolonged methamphetamines consumption. Time and again the drug has been identified as a powerful stimulant that results in alterations in physical appearance, including loss of appetite and weight reduction. The rapid loss in body weight has also resulted in development of amenorrhea or interruption in the menstrual cycle (Westerberg & Waitz, 2013). Binge eating disorder is the psychological issue identified in this case that is often associated with emotional and behavioral signs of grief, anxiety, self-hatred, and depression (Ashrafian et al., 2013). Research evidences have established the fact that consumption of methamphetamine for a significant time creates an adverse impact on the signalling pathways that control sexual hormone secretion, thereby resulting in disruption of menstrual cycles (Bourne et al., 2015). In addition, another psychological issues faced by Cat is the presence of borderline personality disorder, a mental illness that is characterized by variations in self image mode and behavior. It creates an impact on the way that an individual feels send things about himself in everyday life. Not being concerned about transmission of STD and engagement in unprotected sex can be categorised as some of her sexual issues. Estrangement from family members, lack of companion and isolation are some of the social issues faced by her.

Holistic care most often involves taking steps to heal the body mind and soul of the patients and it ensures care for different aspects of life.  In other words, it can be defined as an integrated healthcare approach that treats the entire person, rather than just the disease or symptoms.

Issues	goal	intervention
Addiction of methamphetamines	Cat  will be able to identify the negative impacts of the drug on her health and lifestyle and adopt a necessary steps for preventing its consumption	· Educate the patient on the ill effects of addiction on the mental, physiological, and social wellness of an individual (Shariatirad, Maarefvand & Ekhtiari, 2013) · Conduct an assessment in order to ensure  proper recovery of the patient · Engage her in detoxification program that will make her emotionally stable and help her develop recovery skills (Courtney & Ray, 2014) · Implement non-pharmacological interventions such as meditation, yoga, and nutritional therapy to prevent use of the drug
Sudden weight loss	She will understand the negative impacts that a sudden reduction in body fat can create on the different physiological systems	· Administer dopamine antagonist for restoring normal endocrine function of the ovary (Billes, Sinnayah & Cowley, 2014) · Make her adhere to dietary modifications such as, protein rich diet that will focus on consuming healthy food items in order to gain weight · Engage her in different behavioural therapy to reduce her life stress · Refer her to counselling services · Suggest intake of nutritional supplements for healthy weight gain · Prescribe vyvanse  for treating the binge eating disorder (Turer & Palmer, 2015)
Borderline personality disorder	The patient will gain her self-esteem and be able to overcome the psychological issue	· Engage her in psychotherapy  such as dialectical behaviour therapy or mentalization based treatment that will be based on her individual needs (Tomko et al., 2014) · Initiate cognitive behavioral therapy to change her beliefs and behaviour, in addition to reducing self harming tendency and suicidal thoughts (Chanen & McCutcheon, 2013) · Prescribe antipsychotics such as, haloperidol for reducing impulsivity and likelihood of suicidal ideation (Ringbäck Weitoft et al., 2014) · Administer mood stabilizers such as, well valproate semisodium (Stoffers & Lieb, 2015) · Provide encouragement for engaging in volunteering and community services · Refer to counseling services
Sexual health issues	She will gain an awareness of the risks of engaging in unprotected sex	· Provide patient education on the adverse impacts of STDs · Determining the need of using pulsatile gonadotropin-releasing hormone therapy to induce  (Kumar & Sharma, 2014) · Providing vitamin D supplements (Canguven et al., 2017) · Addressing her emotional health concerns and helping her formulate her body image and self-esteem.
Loneliness and lack of willingness to live	Cat  will be empowered and feel the desire to enjoy her life	· Engage her in different community and recreational activities to overcome depression (Cacioppo et al., 2015) · Re-establish links with family members · Refer her to community services that provide employment opportunities · Refer to support groups that deal with victims of suicide and sexual abuse

 

Poor mental health is a significant challenge for the entire community and calls for the need of seeking help from allied health professionals, who will provide community care, substance abuse, and mental health services to the affected individuals. Upon analysing the case study it can be suggested that Cat is in need of support from allied health workers such as, holistic nutritionist, psychotherapist, and sexual health practitioners. A nutritionist or registered dietician is integral in providing help to Cat with her binge eating disorder and will guide her in adopting or selecting appropriate food (Katterman et al., 2014). She will also be provided assistance through food with fallacy and misconceptions, related with its intake and weight gain. A psychotherapist will work towards improving her mental health and wellbeing by mitigating or resolving her troubles some compulsions, behaviours, thoughts and beliefs (Jørgensen et al., 2013). With the use of evidence based strategy a psychotherapist will effectively diagnose her mental disorder and implement several techniques in reducing its severity. Social workers will also play a crucial role in re-establishing her association with her family members, community and group, in order to enhance her overall wellbeing and social functioning (Worden, 2018). This will be an essential step in reducing the trauma associated with childhood abuse. A sexual health practitioner will be responsible for engaging in effective communication about public health messages related to sexual health, thereby helping her modify her behaviour.

Interventions for Paranoia

Community resource will uplift her mood and help in diverting her mental state from the event of being a victim to childhood sexual abuse. Furthermore, referral to recovery resources will also help her acquire necessary skills and information that will facilitate better management of her emotions. This will be facilitated by engaging in dialectical behaviour therapy, workshops and practice sessions. Facilitating community engagement is an essential step in preventing suicidal thoughts among all patients (Denno, Hoopes & Chandra-Mouli, 2015). Cat can be recommended to healthy eating resorts that will help in improving her diet and make her physically active, thereby delaying or preventing the onset of chronic diseases. She will also be referred to community plans for intake of drug and alcohol that will provide medical support, treatment, detoxification and counselling for the use of methamphetamine (Northern NSW Local Health District, 2018). Referring her to the mental health access line will also be an essential step in preventing for the deterioration of the borderline personality disorder (Andrews et al., 2015). The community resources will provide her the necessary social support, and an engagement in follow-up care will help in fighting the stigma associated with abuse and psychiatric disorders.

It is not uncommon for people having experienced childhood sexual assault to develop suicidal ideations late in their life (Devries et al. 2014). Furthermore it also creates an impact into the wellbeing and mental health into adulthood (Dyer et al., 2013). An analysis of the case scenario suggests that sexual assault faced during childhood had a lasting impact on Cat and resulted in the development of borderline personality disorder and suicidal tendency. Implementation of the holistic care plan will help her in maintaining a healthy weight and reducing addiction to methamphetamine. Engagement in community services and regular counselling will improve her optimistic views and enhance the overall quality of life.

References

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Ashrafian, H., Harling, L., Darzi, A., & Athanasiou, T. (2013). Neurodegenerative disease and obesity: what is the role of weight loss and bariatric interventions?. Metabolic brain disease, 28(3), 341-353.

Interventions for Substance Abuse

Billes, S. K., Sinnayah, P., & Cowley, M. A. (2014). Naltrexone/bupropion for obesity: an investigational combination pharmacotherapy for weight loss. Pharmacological research, 84, 1-11.

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Interventions for Unemployment and Financial Instability

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