Objectives

The rapid growth in the technology innovation in construction field has an enormous impact on the way construction is performed now and in the future. With the new approaches taken, there is an expectation of changes in the workforce composition. The new technologies that have been innovated require one to attain a new set of skills (Billante, 2016).All these benefits are expected to require a new approach to training and up-skilling the workforce. Innovation is a wide concept which comprises of the processes of improvements, services, and products. It includes the incorporation of a new set of ideas which will eventually generate change which will solve the company’s needs and as a result increase the company competitiveness. Construction companies have to adapt to their resources and process which suits them best. This is because every project is different and application of the innovation to the industry on construction is not something that is straightforward. There is a need for innovation to change from being an application of a good idea to a process which can be managed, systematically controlled and measured. Innovation standardization is very important in construction since every part of the organization can be controlled and differently improved an aspect of innovation and have an integration to the rest of the processes of the company (Designingbuildings.co.uk, 2016). 

The aim of the research is to give a clear understanding and acquire knowledge on the foundation of the innovation process. This comprises of the idea, the product, the entrepreneur, the environment and to insight on the process of integration methodology which is required for a successful idea transfer to a commercial product. The research will give an elaborate insight on the construction conditions as regards to the development and product improvement of technology and products. 

The research will target getting a clear understanding of technology innovation in the construction industry. Throughout the research task, the researcher will be guided by steps to gathering knowledge on the various factors of technology innovation in the construction industry at large.

The research work will be guided by the following objectives:

Analyze the impact of technology innovation in construction industry.

The new technology innovated and its impact on the construction industry.

The demand of the new technologies innovated in the construction field.

Standard of safety measure with the incorporation of technology innovation,

The demand for the productive performance through use of new technology innovation in the construction industry.

Literature Review

The need for technology innovation approach in construction industry. 

Based on the literature review, there is an in-depth knowledge of the technology innovation in the construction industry. Various importance of technology innovation in the construction industry has been stated in an elaborative way. However, the previous research does not provide any information on the need to support growth and innovation of technology. Various gaps have been identified such as the importance of user experience and feedback provision for the development of technology (Yates, 2016).Lastly, a research gap has been established on the unsatisfactory nature of using a single technology and the integration required. However, this research gap presents a bigger opportunity on the data grasping on the research topic of technology innovation in construction. The research will, therefore, concentrate on finding the importance of user feedback and provision for the technology development. The conclusion will be drawn based on the identification of the mitigating factors that could play a crucial role in the enhancement of technology innovation. 

The system of inquiry is an inquiry to understand the systems, specifically the system complexity. The approach that is used to ascertain the whole truth. This process has an objective of knowledge 

Deductive reasoning has in inferential that if proposition 1 and 2 are both true, then it implies that Proposition 3 is also true. The deductive reasoning can be effectively used I combination with theories that are very powerful (Explorable.com, 2017). They can be used to make an inference from the literature review research whereby that various parts of the literature have the similar initial statement for the deduction. Despite the fact that deductive theory is very powerful, it can produce a result that is based on error although they might look very sound. 

Many research involve induction based on the observation of unexpected regularities ((Explorable.com, 2017)).This inference involves working from the observation. Based on our research work, example, all construction firm that embraces technology innovation gets ahead of the competition. Therefore an inference is drawn will be all construction firm (including those that do not embrace technology innovation) are ahead of the competition (Explorable.com, 2017). The inductive theory has a limitation despite the fact that it can provide a valuable insight (Mybu.bournemouth.ac.uk, 2015). The inductive theory is majorly based on observation which has no basis for completion, so one cannot be sure if there is some construction firm that has embraced technology innovation but is still behind the competition. 

Research Methodology

This theory is based on decision making on the most appropriate inference that can be drawn from a set of observation. The importance of abductive reasoning is that there will be many infinite numbers of phenomena explanation that are possible, therefore one has to decide on the explanations to look for first. Based on the research work, an observation: some construction firms stay ahead of competition than other firms. 

The known fact will be: those construction firm that embraces technology innovation in the right manner do stay ahead of the competition.

Abductive inference will be: technology innovation help a construction firm to gain competitive advantage. In this case, it possible that construction firm attains competitive advantage through the use of technology innovation in their operations. 

Deductive reasoning focus on the validity of a premise. If the premise is true then the conclusion is also true. Inductive reasoning, if it is successful, then the premises are also true and finally the conclusion is definitely true. The strength of the inductive argument is based on the probability of the truth. On the other hand, abductive reasoning is a significant variety of the inductive reasoning. It is regarded as a variety of inductive reasoning this is because it fits the definition but there is time when the philosopher has to distinguish between of the two because abductive reasoning is the very distinctive type. 

The selected system of approach that can aid in the attainment of the research objective is the abductive reasoning. This theory is an instinctive and natural process that is built upon the phenomena that are observed and previous research work. The adductive research give the researcher an opportunity to maximize their resources and time through focusing on the line of experimentation that is realistic. Abduction is majorly seen as the research starting point, through giving a rational explanation and giving chance for the deductive reasoning which will dictate the experimental design that is exact. The abductive theory will lead the researcher to propose a hypothesis that is very obvious which is a starting point for the research work. Abductive reasoning has been used in the logistics research. The purpose of the research was to construct a framework that could be used for exploration and discussion of the various research approaches in logistics (Gyongy et al,2005) 

The methodology for data collection that will be used in this research includes the qualitative research technique (DeFranzo, 2015). This research technique has been used over the years to get the understanding and the underlying opinions and reasons and the motivations. This research technique provides insight into the problem and helps in hypothesis development and the idea generation and development for a qualitative research of potential.

Sequence of Methods

the trends uncovering in the opinions and thoughts and diving deeper into the problem. Some of the technique that will be involved in this research work includes interviews, questionnaire, observation, and group discussions (DeFranzo, 2015). The sample size used will be very small.

The sequence of methods has a very significant role in the methodology research so as to prove the research as a significant, widely accepted and viable (Dillard, 2016). The sequence of methods increases the validity of the research aim, reliability of the methodological and uncertainty rate of the research findings. The sequence of methods is very important in the achieving of the research aims and objectives. It has the following benefits to offer that will aid in research aim being achieved:

Cross-validation; the advantage of using a sequence of methods is research majorly lies in the ability to find a concrete validation n and agreement of the research aim through various research methods(Karim,2014). In various research methods comes to a similar conclusion, the researcher can have a lot of confidence in the result as is it is a true reflection of what is happening and not the reflection of the testing methods that were used to gather information(Dillard, 2016). 

The balance between methods. The qualitative research methodology does focus on the observation and construction of theory. It makes use of very small sample and is based on an indepth research of one single occurrence. Quantitative research places its focus on a very large sample size and patterns and trends (Murdock,2005). Through a combination of this technique, the research can find some inconsistency in one technique and use the other technique to dig into the issues that bring about inconsistency, find the reason behind their occurrence and learn on the individually involved thoughts. 

Investigator triangulation. Another way a researcher can use a sequence of methods is through involving more than one researcher to do research on a similar topic (Pasian, 2015). This practice will compensate the unfairness and guard against various assumptions that the researcher could have influenced the study result.

The qualitative method of data collection is investigative in nature and majorly concerned with insights gaining an understanding of the motivations and the reasons underlying. Qualitative data collection method can be acknowledge based on the abstraction and generalization (Monette et al, 2010).Additionally, it can be categorized with images, vision, forms, and structure in the variety of media and printed word into the qualitative method of data collection(Polonsky and Waller, 2011). 

Observation involves the researcher taking a lot of notes on what is happening and also descriptive notes (McLeod, 2016). It is argued that there are some limits to the situations which can be observed in the natural settings and the research presence might lead to validation of problems. Some of the strength of observation include, it can offer flavor on the current state of happening, it can give a bigger picture insight. It can be used in the designing the remaining research .while conducting the research, based on the research aim, the observer had to be keen on observing the following things.

• The attitude of the employee and management on the technology adoption in the firm? 

• What are some of the technological devices that are used for the purposes of work? 

• Which are some of the software application that organization uses? How different is it from the other organization? What are some of the objectives that the organization has attained since the incorporation of the software? 

• Has the investment in technology increased over the years in an organization? Why has it increased or decreased? 

• An organization that has not yet incorporated technology into their daily operations, are they planning on investing in technology? If yes why has it took them that long before deciding? What has motivated them to adopt technology innovation now unlike in the past? 

• What are some of the software that has helped the organization attain the best result? 

The questionnaire can be administered to the employees with an aim of getting to know the information about the firm from the employee point of view. It contains a set of written questions on a sheet of paper with an aim of getting the response from the respondent(McLeod, 2016). The questionnaire used to collect data was an open-ended questionnaire which gave the respondent the chance to fully express themselves regarding the topic under study on technological innovation on construction firm. The questions under study comprises of: 

Questionnaire

The attitude of the employee and management on the technology adoption in the firm?

What are some of the technological devices that are used for the purposes of work?

Which are some of the software application that organization uses?

How different is it from the other organization?

What are some of the objectives that the organization has attained since the incorporation of the software?

Has the investment in technology increased over the years in an organization? Why has it increased or decreased?

An organization that has not yet incorporated technology into their daily operations, are they planning on investing in technology?

If yes why has it took them that long before deciding?

What has motivated them to adopt technology innovation now unlike in the past?

What are some of the software that has helped the organization attain the best result?

For the analysis of the data collected, during research, the technique that will be used in analyzing the Data will be the sample size determination. The trick behind this technique is to always remember that the right size determined for the sample has to be very accurate. Through the deployment of standards deviation and proportion, the researcher is able to determine the right size that they require to make the data collection statistically significant.  

References 

Billante,P.(2016).The Future of Construction Innovation. [online] Connect.bim360.autodesk.com. Available at: https://connect.bim360.autodesk.com/future-of-construction-innovation [Accessed 31 Jan. 2018]. 

Designingbuildings.co.uk. (2016). Innovation in construction projects – Designing Buildings Wiki. [online]Availableat:https://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/Innovation_in_construction_proj ects [Accessed 31 Jan. 2018]. 

DeFranzo, S. (2015). Difference between qualitative and quantitative research.. [online] Snap Surveys Blog. Available at: https://www.snapsurveys.com/blog/qualitative-vs-quantitativeresearch/ [Accessed 31 Jan. 2018]. 

Dillard, J. (2016). 5 Most Important Methods For Statistical Data Analysis. [online]

Bigskyassociates.com. Available at: https://www.bigskyassociates.com/blog/bid/356764/5-MostImportant-Methods-For-Statistical-Data-Analysis [Accessed 31 Jan. 2018]. Explorable.com. (2017). Abductive Reasoning – Making educated guesses in research. [online] Available at: https://explorable.com/abductive-reasoning [Accessed 31 Jan. 2018].

Gyöngyi Kovács, Karen M. Spens, (2005) “Abductive reasoning in logistics research”, International Journal of Physical Distribution & Logistics Management, Vol. 35 Issue: 2, pp.132-144, https://doi.org/10.1108/09600030510590318

Karim, R. (2014). GRIN – Analysing the Role of Triangulation in Research. [online] Grin.com. Available at: https://www.grin.com/document/207958 [Accessed 31 Jan. 2018].

KENPRO. (2014). 3.0 RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODOLOGY. [online] Available at: https://www.kenpro.org/research-design-and-methodology/ [Accessed 31 Jan. 2018]. Mybu.bournemouth.ac.uk. (2015). Deductive, indu

McLeod, S. (2016). Qualitative vs Quantitative Data | Simply Psychology. [online]Simplypsychology.org. Available at: https://www.simplypsychology.org/qualitativequantitative.html [Accessed 31 Jan. 2018].ctive and abductive approaches. [online] Available at:

https://mybu.bournemouth.ac.uk/bbcswebdav/orgs/Com_BRAD_0713/RScourses/research_social_sciences/html/course_files/deductive_4_2.html [Accessed 31 Jan. 2018]. 

Monette, D.R., Gullivan, T.J. & DeJong, C.R. (2010) “Applied Social Research: A Tool for the Human Resources” Cengage Learning. 

Murdock, R. (2015). Advantages & Disadvantages of Triangulation Design | Synonym. [online] 

Classroom.synonym.com. Available at: https://classroom.synonym.com/advantagesdisadvantages-triangulation-design-12039552.html [Accessed 31 Jan. 2018].

Pasian, B. (2015). Importance of Sequencing in Mixed Methods Research Design. [online] GpmFirst. Available at: https://www.gpmfirst.com/books/designs-methods-and-practicesresearch-project-management/importance-sequencing-mixed-methods [Accessed 31 Jan. 2018]. 

Polonsky, M.J. & Waller, D.S. (2011) “Designing and Managing a Research Project: A Business Student’s Guide” 2^nd edition, SAGE

Pellicer, E. (2016). Innovation in construction projects – Designing Buildings Wiki. [online] Designingbuildings.co.uk.Availableat:https://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/Innovation_in _construction_projects [Accessed 31 Jan. 2018].

YATES, A. (2016). Globalization of Technology. [online] The National of Academies Press.Available at: https://www.nap.edu/read/1101/chapter/9 [Accessed 31 Jan. 2018].

Anderson, P.H., Cook, N., Marceau, J. (2004). Dynamic innovation strategies and stable networks in the construction industry:implanting solar energy projects in the Sydney Olympic Village, Journal of Business Research,57, 351–360 

Austin, J. (2016). Writing a Research Plan. [online] Science | AAAS. Available at: https://www.sciencemag.org/careers/2002/07/writing-research-plan [Accessed 31 Jan. 2018]. Gambatese, J. A. and M. Hallowell{2011a).”Enabling and measuring innovahon in the construction industry.” Construchon Management and Economics 29(6): 553-567. 

Martyn Shuttleworth (Jul 23, 2008). Abductive Reasoning. Retrieved Jan 27, 2018 from Explorable.com: https://explorable.com/abductive-reasoning 

Patokorpi, E. 2006. Abductive Reasoning and ICT Enhanced Reasoning: Towards the Epistemology of Digital Nomads. In Zielinski, C., Duquenoy, P. and K. Kimppa (eds.), The Information Society: Emerging Landscapes. Springer: New York, pp. 101-117. 

Patokorpi, E. and K.K. Kimppa 2006. Dynamics of the Key Elements of Consumer Trust Building Online. Journal of Information, Communication & Ethics in Society, Vol 4, Issue 1, pp. 17-26. Pcmh.ahrq.gov. (2015). Mixed Methods: Integrating Quantitative and Qualitative Data Collection and Analysis While Studying Patient-Centered Medical Home Models | PCMH Resource Center. [online] Available at: https://pcmh.ahrq.gov/page/mixed-methods-integrating-quantitative-andqualitative-data-collection-and-analysis-while [Accessed 31 Jan. 2018]. 

Xiaolong Xue, Ruixue Zhang, Rebecca Yang, Jason Dai, (2014) “Innovation in Construction: A Critical Review and Future Research”, International Journal of Innovation Science, Vol. 6 Issue: 2, pp.111-126, https://doi.org/10.1260/1757-2223.6.2.111