Define diversity and equality

Promote equality and inclusion in health, social care or children’s and young people’s settings

Define, in your own words, the terms diversity and equality.

Diversity can be defined as the condition of being composed of diverse elements like ethnicity and origin of people. Equality can be defined as the state of being equal for every individual having equivalent opportunity.

Explain the term inclusion and provide an example of working in an inclusive way.

Inclusion can be explained as the state of being made a part of something or being included. Example of working in an inclusive way is retaining and encouraging diverse cross-sections of employees and people with all kinds of disabilities and differences. Working with employees from diverse backgrounds and physical differences and making them feel welcomed and valued within the organisation.

Why is discrimination harmful to children?

Discrimination is harmful for children since it might have a detrimental impact over their self esteem and mental health.

Consider the following scenario:

Paul is playing with a tea set in the play area, Katy and Jasmin laugh at him and say he must be a girl because ‘only girls play with tea sets’.

Discuss potential effects of this discrimination if nothing is done to challenge it.

Potential effect of this discrimination includes social exclusion and isolation for Paul. Challenges like bullying at school as well as abuse might lead to depressive symptoms and poor self-confidence.

Explain how we can ensure the promotion of diversity, equality and inclusion.

Ensuring the promotion of diversity, inclusion and equality can be done by being aware of the unconscious biasness or discrimination, communicating the significance of managing inclusion and diversity, developing strategic training program and making it comfortable for all categories of people to contribute and participate in resource groups.

How would you respond to discriminatory behaviour by a child?

Immediate response for making the children to have a better understanding of their negative and wrong action.

Acting in a responsive way by encouraging reflective conversation and talking about respecting other children and peers.

Understand child and young person development

1. Outline the typical pattern of development for a) a child of 5-6 years b) a young person of 11-13 years
2. a) Development pattern includes growth for 2 to 3 inches, teeth formation, improvement in co-ordination with legs and arms.
3. b) Development of personal values, hormonal changes, learning on conflict resolution, development of learning related to empathy, analysis of risk factors, emotional handling.
4. Explain three external factors that might influence a child’s development.

• Deprivation and economic challenges like poverty
• Education background of the family members or the care givers
• Cultural, social and environmental practices

3. Briefly outline Freud’s theory of personality.

As according Freud’s psychoanalytic theory, personality evolves via a number of phases, both marked by a distinct inner psychological struggle. Freud’s psychoanalytic theory of personality states that, human conduct is indeed the outcome of exchanges between three – dimensional components of the mind: the id, ego, as well as superego.

Explain the term inclusion and provide an example of working in an inclusive way.

 4. How does attachment theory link to current practice?

Attachment is indeed a developmental process that occurs in children, yet there are individual variances as far as how children react with comparable life situations. Attachment theory-based practise frameworks can aid in making sense of the implications of mothers’ accounts of personal early attachments for their capacity to focus the child ’s requirement.

5. Describe two interventions that may support a child who is not following expected development.

Educational Psychologist – An educational psychologist can evaluate a kid whether there are problems regarding its cognitive, communicative, or behavioural performance.

Additional support  of learning – Children receive additional aid or support so they may get something out of the schooling and attain their maximum potential is what additional learning assistance entails. By illustration, a physically handicapped child may require one-on-one support while moving about the educational facilities all throughout school week.

 6. Outline three types of transition that may affect a child or young person.

The transition is indeed a period of uncertainty that occurs while moving from one primary school or encounter to some other. Three types of transition that might impact child or young person includes the physical transition, the intellectual and the emotional transition.

7. Discuss five possible effects of transition upon a child or young person.

Transitions could have a beneficial or bad influence on the development of children and young adults, according upon how they will be assisted and the change was controlled. Some of the possible effects of transition upon child or young person:

• Emotional and social development like development of relationship with other children for health adjustments
• Management and expression of emotions
• Approaches to learning like self-regulating skills
• Appropriate communication and language
• Learning regrading new environment as well as development of the sense of time and place.

Promote child and young person development

Discuss four factors that need to be considered when assessing a child’s development.

The significant factors that need to be considered while assessing the development of a child are

The approach of the child towards the activities and materials in daily life

• The specific situations where children are operating
• Understanding the interest of the child in his /her daily activity
• Any special needs like emotional and physical differences of children that might require additional services

2. Outline one method of assessing a child’s needs and identify one advantage and one limitation of using this method.

Advantage – Systematic record that are helpful for planning lessons for future and for tracking children progress

Disadvantage –  Excessive time required for assessing and preparing and hence an expensive way.

3. What elements need to be included in a development plan for a child.

• Activities for planning with the children
• Implementing additional resources and materials
• Generating and setting up activities for children physical, cognitive development
• Changing the environment of learning for children

 4. Outline three factors that need to be considered when reviewing a development plan.

• Children are getting a safe environment and opportunity to develop positive relationship with care giver.
• Children have the opportunity to develop and learn
• Children gets the opportunity for their self determination

 5. Discuss four reasons why a child may show inappropriate behaviour.

• Challenges related to emotions like not able to describe any of their feelings
• Child may have some unmet needs
• Biological reasons like hungry
• Underlying mental health issues

1. Outline three strategies that might be used to help support positive behaviour.

• Development of environment for appropriate and good behaviour
• Being the role model
• Effective communication and active listening

1. Identify strategies to support a child who is experiencing a transition.

• Utilisation of movement, visual as well as melodies for signalling transitions
• Engaging as well as developing relationships with the children
• Nurturing the development of the emotional and social skills of children
• Provision of individual support as per diverse needs of children during their transition
• Preparing children for the transition phase.

Unit 4 – Understand how to safeguard the well-being of children and young people

1. Outline the main features of the Children’s Act 2004.

The harmful effects of discrimination on children

The Children Act of 2004 is an evolution of the 1989 Act. It reaffirmed that almost all persons as well as institutions which deal with children have such a duty to assist protect as well as support young people.

1. When was the Vetting and Barring Scheme set up?

The Vetting and Barring Scheme went into force on October 12, 2009, with the implementation of several critical protections as well as legal obligations.

1. What is the Vetting and Barring Scheme now called?

The former approach was superseded on October 2009 with 2 additional prohibited rankings: one for people dealing with children and another for those working with vulnerable adults. The Independent Safeguarding Authority, rather than a number of state ministries, is in charge of these two listings. It is “the Disclosure and Barring Service (DBS)”

1. State the key features that enable effective partnership working.

Open mindedness, respect, as well as sincerity are fundamental elements of partnership functioning, as are agreed-upon setting a higher and ideals and constant communication among participants. Partnerships are key to the goal for increasing results and making public councils more financially viable.

1. Discuss four key good working practices that help protect both the child and the adult working with them.

• Responding to different idioms, vocabulary as well as expressions of the children
• Prevention
• Partnership
• Parental responsibility
• Protection and paramountcy

1. Outline two forms of abuse. Include in your answer possible signs and symptoms.

Sexual Abuse. Signs of sexual abuse includes bruises in internal intimate organs, trouble in swallowing and provoking discussion regrading sexual challenges. Symptoms of sexual abuse on a child -nightmares or sleep challenges, seem towards distraction, refusal to eat, self-injury.

Physical Abuse. Signs of physical abuse includes fractures, swelling, bruising. Symptoms of physical abuse on a child – signal of distress like tearfulness, development of anxiety and fear.

1. How would you respond to a disclosure of abuse?

• Careful listening to children
• Providing tools to children to talk
• Making child respect and believe on you
• Not confronting the abuser
• Making the child feel comfortable and telling them that its not their fault.

1. What should you do if a child tells you they are being bullied?

It is important to support the child so that he gets the courage to bring the allegation of bullying to the appropriate authority and teacher.

Unit 5- Support children and young peoples’ health and safety

1. Summarise factors that need to be considered when planning for a healthy and safe environment for children and young people.

Planning for a healthy and safe environment for young people and children includes the following.

• The ratios of the staff to the children
• The requirement or the need of the children
• Assessment of probable risk factors needs to be carried out for reporting the daily hazards
• Individualistic requirements of each and every child
• Security, suitable environment as well as classroom temperature

1. State two pieces of legislation that cover the health and safety of child care settings.

• The Children Act of 1989 – Children are being best of care within their families and each and every effort need to be supported for that.
• Control of substances hazardous to health regulation 2004 (COSHH)- The regulation determines how chemicals as well as cleaning products are stored and used as well as disposal of nappies are being managed within the settings.

1. Outline the appropriate lifting technique.

• Firstly bend your knees and hips in the squat position to pull up the load
• Keep the body in a straight position and also keep the legs straight for lifting it.
• Not attempting to lift by bending in the forward position.
• Never practice in lifting the heavy object above the level of shoulder.
• Avoidance in twisting and turning the body while holding any specific heavy object.

1. Give an example of a risk assessment for an activity of your choice to be undertaken with a six year-old child.

Hazard associated  – Stumbling whilst walking at the archery area

Group –  Six year of child

Risk rating  – high

Measurement  – Appropriate brief to the child regrading the desired behaviour at the archery range as per the behaviour policy.

1. How can you support children to manage risks themselves?

• Provision of opportunities for the development of the socially communication language and skill sets
• Development of the confidence and resilience by taking challenge and risk taking
• Maintenance of connection and problem solving

1. Why is it’s important to record accidents and incidents?

This is because reporting is way more cheaper than the major cost of the accidents.

1. What should you do in case of a fire?

• Being calm and prompt
• Turning off any of the threatening and hazardous machinery
• Heading to nearest fire exit

1. List three possible signs of meningitis.

• High temperature level
• A headache
• Rash

Unit 6 – Working together for the benefit of children and young people

1. Give a brief outline of the Every Child Matters policy.

Professionals engaged in working with children as well as young people need to strive in achieving safety, health, enjoyment as well as achievement for making positive contribution in the achievement of the economic wellbeing.

1. Why is it important that we work in an integrated way with other agencies?

Working in an integrated way with agencies enables diverse services to joining the forces so that they can prevent challenges that has been occurring at the first place.

1. Discuss four potential barriers to working effectively in a multi-agency team.

• Absence of coherence at the targets
• Intentions as well as collaborative thing among diverse agencies
• Resistance to change among staff members
• Role duplication

1. What is a Common Assessment Framework?

How to promote diversity, equality, and inclusion

It is the standardised approach regrading the assessment of the children as their families for facilitating the initial identification of the additional requirements as also for the promotion of co-ordinated response of the service.

5. Outline five points of good practice when communicating with adults.

• To be good listener
• Engaging non-verbal communication
• Emotional awareness
• Questioning
• Awareness

6. Describe one effective method of communication and give an example of when it might best be used.

 Verbal communication is one of the best method of communication. Example of using verbal communication at its best , is engaging in conversation in case of any project explanation to a team or to a child when he or she is not able to understand any instruction.

7. Identify the key features that need to be included in a report.

Title page, The Table of Contents, Executive Summary, Introduction, Rationale of report, Discussion, Analysis of the Findings, Conclusion and Recommendation, References.

Understand how to support positive outcomes for children and young people

1. Identify four social, economic and cultural factors and discuss how they can possibly impact on the lives of children.

Health Status – Child having poor status of health need additional support , lack of which negatively impact their daily living

Addictions – Children residing with addicted adults are relied upon as the main caregivers.

Personal choice – The impact of different view termed as personal choice of parents can lead to social exclusion for children

Disability or differences – Disability or physical differences can hamper the education and the normal growth of a child.

2. What is meant by the term ‘active participation’? Give an example of active participation in practice.

The involvement of a person in all the aspects of the life with the recognition of their right to participation in relations and activities.

Example of active participation in practice includes the practice of being active partner at the own support and care and not become a passive one.

 3. Give two examples of the negative effects impairment can have on a child’s life.

• Child might not have a health social life for being engaged in meeting complex needs of impairments
• Experience of depression and anxiety as well as physical and emotional stress by playing the role of care giver

4. Outline the social and the medical model of disability.

Social model of disability states that disability lies within the interaction among the society and the individuals.

Medical model of disability explains disability as a personal challenge that needs to be dealt personally.

5. Define the term ‘stereotypes’.

Stereotypes can be defined as the simplified, widely held as well as essentialist belief regrading specific group. Example includes stereotype on the basis of race, gender, ethnicity as well as socio economic status.

How to respond to discriminatory behaviour by a child

6. What is the negative consequence of stereotyping?

• High tendency of anxiety and aggressiveness
• Absence of self-control as well as trouble in making the correct decisions
• Overindulging over unhealthy foods.

7. How can stereotypes be combated in the workplace?

• Assessment of personal biases
• Understanding and acknowledging others at the workplace
• Implementation of the policies at the workplace that discourage and penalize the discrimination

Context and principles for early years provision

Outline the common features of the early year’s frameworks.

Some of the common features of the early year’s framework includes language, running as well as walking, concepts, pretend play, separation anxiety, fine motor skills.

What is the Common Core?

Common core is the total set of academic standards as well as expectations for students desirable in every grade level at the math and language arts.

What factors need to be considered when planning an environment for toddlers aged 1-3 years?

Planning environment for toddlers aged 1-3 years can be done by development and construction of spaces which support the toddler development, overall wellbeing as well as engagement.  Careful planning must include factors like ensuring the safety and health of children, enhancing the learning of children by engaging as well as appropriate experiences.

Why is it important to monitor and evaluate the effectiveness of an area?

Effective evaluation and monitoring of an area are important for understanding the stock of progress as well as helping in the learning since it helps in the identification of the issues, measurement of success as well as chances of improvements.

1. Explain the importance of working in partnership with parents/carers.

Working at partnerships with carers or parents is important for the early years foundation stage since it helps in effective development of practitioner plan for effective learning within the setting and also support the caregivers or the parents in understanding the need of the children for the home grooming and education.

Give two examples of possible barriers to parental participation.

• Absence of parental knowledge and education for helping child development and home grooming of a child
• Socio-economic, cultural as well as language differences among the educators and the parents

Discuss how common barriers to participation may be overcome.

• Maintenance of responsive, comforting and welcoming school atmosphere
• Reaching parents of child about the information of the student progress, the requirements of school as well as the events of school.

Promote learning and development in the early years

Summarise the six areas of learning in the EYFS.

• Language and communication
• Personal, social as well as emotional development
• Mathematics
• Physical development
• Understanding world
• Expressive design and arts

Identify one of these areas and give examples of how this learning can be applied in the work setting.

Language and communication are one of the important areas.

Example on how this learning can be applied at the work setting is as follows.

Provision of an environment for younger children so that they can express themselves as well as speak as listening with range of solutions thereby allowing them in the development of their communication and language skills.

What is meant by the term ‘Early Learning Goal’?

Early Learning Goals are the set of targets for the children so that they can achieve at the end of the semester or the education year.

Understanding child and young person development

What is an Early Year Profile?

Early Year Profile helps in the assessment of a child during the end of the reception. It confirms that a student or a child is at the progressing stage and is also meeting the requirements.

Outline the different sources of information that can be used when planning for children.

Different sources of information that can be used for planning for children includes secondary sources from colleagues, families as well as specialists. Also, internet can be considered to be one of the popular information sources while planning for children.

What points need to be considered when planning adult directed activities?

Adult directed activities are majorly based on the professional understanding. The activities should include the factors such as consideration of the introduction of new ideas for the children, provision of opportunities for skill development and finally ensuring experiences all the learning areas at the EYFS.

Explain what is meant by the term engaging with children and give an example from your own experience.

Team engagement with children is inclusive of approaches for a play by the provision of various materials that can encourage the play and the exploration. Effective communication engagement is an important part of the team engagement for children. Example includes usage of daily activities for rich motivational and conversation talk and play learning like outdoor play and snack time.  

Why is it important for practitioners to reflect on their own practice?

Reflection helps the practitioners to reflect on themselves and ensure in improvement and professional development. Practitioners also get to understand their weakness and strengths and use the tool of reflection as the guide for an on going learning and improvement of the teaching quality.

Promote children’s welfare and well-being in the early years

1. Outline the general welfare requirements that work settings have a legal duty to comply with.

• Health, safety and the welfare of the workers at the work
• Access as well as egress to as well as from any associated risk
• Correct number of toilets and restrooms
• Facilities of drinking water
• Implementation and maintenance of WHS policy

2. What points need to be considered when receiving a child into the work setting.

• Consideration of the safety issues for the child
• Understanding the employment laws and legislations
• Maintaining productivity

3. Describe the term ‘key person’ and outline their role in day-day practice.

Key person is majorly named as the staff having primary responsibilities for small group of children helping to feel safe and in care. The role of the key person includes maintenance and implementation of the approaches set in EYFS  and helping children to feel understood, safe and cared.

4. Identify three forms of good practice to help prevent cross-infection.

• Maintaining proper distance from people suspected of being ill
• Washing hands and using sanitizers
• Using mask and PPE kit

5. What factors need to be considered when planning a diet for children?

• Understanding on the children preferences
• Knowledge of the children nutritional needs
• Understanding of allergies of children

6. Give two examples of specific dietary needs for two different religious groups.

Hinduism  – Specific dietary needs includes proper vegetarian nutrient without onion and garlic for some people as well as non-vegetarian diet. Consumption of beef is strictly prohibited

Sikhs  –  Specific dietary needs include strict vegetarian food excluding any form of animal derivatives like animal fat, fish, egg  or dairy products from animals.

7. Explain what should happen if a parent brings a prescribed medicine into the setting.

The caregivers should understand the dosage amount and acknowledge the prescribed medicine that parents are bringing. Medications for children are important and henceforth should be kept out of their reach and should be provided as per proper timing as stated by the doctors and conveyed by the parents.

Professional practice in early years settings

1. Outline the care provision options open to a parent seeking part-time care for a two-and-a-half year-old.

• Experience on babysitting
• Opportunities for development and learning in the part time day care centres
• Commitment in child safety and care approach
• Clear and effective communication with development of comfort with the part time care provision option

2. What factors have affected the increased demand for child care services in the UK?

• Finance of the providers of the child care organization
• Cost related to social distancing in covid 19
• Lack of proper child care policy implementation in care services

 3. Outline four points of good practice when talking with children about differences.

• Encouraging children’s natural tendency for noticing differences
• Initiating communication with the children
• Encouraging development learning strategy of observing differences
• Talking openly about diversity similarly to safety

4. Identify three ways to help children learn about different cultures.

• Making them taste different foods from other cultures
• Educating them about different cultural beliefs and practices and ceremonies
• Learning and teaching them about region, country and traditional music.

5. How can you best monitor and evaluate your work successfully?

• Understanding and checking the attitude
• Being truthful to yourself and practice self-reflection
• Acknowledging feedback from the others’
• Maintaining notes file
• Planning ahead
• Improving from the feedback received from others

6. Give three examples of ways to develop professional practice.

• Continuing practice of education
• Participation at different professional organization
• Practice in research projects
• Approaches towards professional development
• Engagement in skill based training

Support children’s speech, language and communication

1. Give your own definitions of the terms: a) communication b) speech c) language

Communication is exchange of information by writing, speaking or the usage of other medium.

Speech is the ability towards expressing feeling or thoughts by the articulation of sounds.

Language is the fundamental method of communication that consist of structured words and speech.

2. Outline three ways in which a child’s speech and communication can support their development.

• Maintaining eye contact
• Replacing mistakes
• Repeating the sentences to children

3. Discuss the impact communication, language and speech difficulties can have upon a child’s development.

Communication helps in children conceptual and cognitive development. Language helps children to form the attachment and relations and speech difficulties on the other hand  hampers children to socialize and express themselves

4. Outline four ways to support and extend speech, language and communication.

• Reward and praise for good speech and language
• Provision of feedback in case of clarity required
• Reading articles and books aloud together for language support
• Usage of variety of words and vocabulary

5. Identify four specific skills that adults can use when supporting children.

• Development of confidence
• Building of self esteem
• Supporting the behavioural development
• Acknowledging the emotional development

6. Discuss four key factors that can support an effective speech, language and communication environment.

• Calm and clear speaking practices
• Usage of proper vocabulary and language
• Listening to other views
• Involvement of parents and care givers in the speech and language development of child