The Correct Citation of the References

This assignment focuses on reviewing the chosen article on the basis of the quality and correctness of citation of the references as well as the main thesis provided. The accuracy and reliability of the article is also evaluated. Some of the issues presented in the article that are agreed with as well as the issues that are not agreed upon are highlighted. Finally, the usefulness of the article is determined.    

The Correct Citation of the References

The article chosen for review highlights the performance of the healthcare system. This article has been supported by a number of peer-reviewed journals and books. Correct citations to the references have been done in order to achieve reliability and validity (Carpenter, Pencharz & Mouzaki, 2015). Being supported by the peer-reviewed journals and books, the article has presented the performance of the Countries Manukau Health (Doolan-Noble et al., 2015).  However, the references chosen do not focus on the exact topic of the article. Rather, the references focus on a wider topic of health care. Moreover, some more authentic citations could be included such that the article would be even more reliable. The reference also ranges back to the year 2000 (Cheema, Robergs & Askew, 2014). However, a lot of progress has been made over the years in healthcare systems. Hence the situations, issues and technologies presented in the year 2000 might not be relevant in today’s world. Thus, lack of authenticity is caused due to citation of very old and outdated references.  

The report of World Health Organization (WHO), 2000, focused on the need for monitoring the healthcare systems (Doolan-Noble et al., 2015). The increase in the national and international interest in the healthcare system increased the necessity for measuring the levels of healthcare systems. In order to incorporate the changes and advancements in the healthcare systems, the cross cultural comparison of the healthcare systems are essential. The main thesis presented in this article is the need for system level measures and the importance of the system level measures in the healthcare system (Doolan-Noble et al., 2015). Two regulatory organizations namely the Institute of healthcare improvement (IHI) and Institute of Medicine (IOM) have been increasing their quality indicators such that the healthcare system of the country could be enhanced (Doolan-Noble et al., 2015). For developed countries, the increase in the population of the countries, along with the increase in the number of people aging, the need for advanced healthcare system was urgency. In this backdrop, the policy makers and healthcare managers were keen to determine how well the system was being implemented as compared to the healthcare systems of other countries (Doolan-Noble et al., 2015). CHM is one of the most famous DHBs in New Zealand and is involved in improvement and promotion of the healthcare systems and well being of the people of the community in which they serve. The organization also funds and provides healthcare services for more than 500,00 people mainly living in the third southern of Auckland. The aim of the indicators is to monitor the performance of the healthcare system over time. Moreover, the health indicators aim to allow the healthcare organizations to compare their performances relative to the strategic objectives and plans. It also contributes to the improvement of the planning in the healthcare sector (Doolan-Noble et al., 2015). Within a particular country, it is difficult for the regional stakeholders to collect useful information for analysis of the healthcare systems. Performance benchmarking at the national level was found to be difficult. Thus, the cross country performance monitoring was carried out.  

The Main Thesis

The reviewed article has highlighted the future scopes well. According to the authors of the article, the next step to enhance the healthcare services is to collaborate with various other countries (Doolan-Noble et al., 2015). The feasibility of the data comparison is to be assessed by comparing with various other countries. As the feasibility of data comparison is established, that the healthcare system and the pilot healthcare system are comparable, System Level Measures (SLMs) would be conducted. Before a pilot comparison of the SLMs is conducted in large groups, it needs to be conducted among one or two SLMs (Doolan-Noble et al., 2015). Thus, as the comparison would be conducted, assisting, learning as well as the improvement of all the sites take place. Thus, the future steps and the applicability in future have been mentioned. However, the future applicability could have been discussed in details, such that the future applicability could be made clear. Hence, the future scopes could be explained in details such that the future path could be followed.     

The article chosen is reviewed and it has been found to be reliable. However, in order to enhance the reliability of the article, charts, bar graphs, statistics could have been included. Moreover, yearly statistics of the healthcare system and its improvement could be added to the article, such that it could be accurate. Moreover, the discussion present is general (Einstein, 2014). It could have been specific to the topic, to achieve reliability. The accuracy and reliability of the article could be enhanced by including newsletters, financial reports as well as improvement reports (Sohrabi & Taheri, 2016). The generalizability of the article is not achieved since the theories have not been supported with statistical data. Thus, the lack of generalizability might result in lack of reliability of the article. The lack of reliability and accuracy of data might result in the article losing importance and adequate usefulness. Since the article is not adequately supported with statistical data, hence it might not be successfully used for enrichment of knowledge or for further research purposes.        

Issues Agreed with

The issues and challenges presented in this article include methodological as well as operational challenges. The main challenges faced are the variation in population of the country (Doolan-Noble et al., 2015). Moreover, the definitional issues as well as the differences in the coding styles have also been presented (Mossialos et al., 2016). These are some of the issues that agreed upon. The variation in population across the various countries is indeed a major issue in the cross country comparison. However, there are various parameters to address these issues (Doolan-Noble et al., 2015). These include consideration of the age of the population, as well as their gender. These could be useful in standardization of the differences in population (Noble & Smith, 2015). These are some of the issues that are agreed upon, since these issues are genuine and the challenges are actually faced while conducting cross-country comparison of the performances of the health systems (Thomas, Gilbert & Thompson, 2017). Another challenge faced is the lack of consistency of the definitions as well as the denominators and the numerators. In order to conduct a cross country comparison, levels of flexibility needs to be accommodated (Rochefort et al., 2017).      

Applicability to Future States

Issues Disagreed with

Though some of the issues mentioned by the authors of the article are agreed upon, yet some of the issues presented here are disagreed with. The issues of technical competence have been portrayed as a major operational issue (Read, 2013). However, with the adequate amount of importance given to healthcare system, the technological up gradation of the healthcare equipments mitigates the problem of technical incompatibility in cross country comparison (Doolan-Noble et al., 2015). Thus, this issue presented in this article has not been agreed upon. Thus, the technical compatibility issue is not a major one, since it could be easily mitigated by installation of some modern machinery (Hussain et al., 2015). Moreover, with the initiative of the various governmental regulatory bodies, the healthcare system has improved significantly and constant modernization has been taking place. The technical issue has been significantly highlighted in the article. However, it could be easily mitigated by installation of modern technology. Hence, the operational issue of technical incompatibility is not a valid one, and is not agreed upon.        

The usefulness of an article is determined by the usability of the facts and figures presented in the article, for further use. The further use might be for academic purpose, research purpose, or for enhancement of knowledge. The usefulness of this article is significant in the academic purpose as well as for further research. The article is well- structured, and the facts presented are authentic (Willis, Reynolds, & Keleher, 2016). However, the article could have been even more useful, if the facts were supported by relevant figures and statistics. The lack of adequate statistical data and lack of bar charts and graphs reduces the usefulness of the article. Moreover, the thesis and the blueprint of the article have not been clearly maintained, thus decreasing the usefulness of the article for knowledge gain or further research work. The usefulness of this material is less since it lacks graphs, bar charts. Inclusion of these charts and graphs would have made the article more useful. Moreover, statistical data is also not included in the article. Thus the reliability and validity is reduced. The lack of generalizability of the article reduces the usefulness of the article. It might be concluded that the article could be used for academic purposes as well as future research work. However, the issues that have been highlighted have not been supported by suitable references; hence it cannot be fully relied upon.    

References

Carpenter, A., Pencharz, P., & Mouzaki, M. (2015). Accurate estimation of energy requirements of young patients. Journal of pediatric gastroenterology and nutrition, 60(1), 4-10.

Cheema, B. S., Robergs, R. A., & Askew, C. D. (2014). Exercise physiologists emerge as allied healthcare professionals in the era of non-communicable disease pandemics: a report from Australia, 2006–2012. Sports Medicine, 44(7), 869-877.

Doolan-Noble, F., Lyndon, M., Hau, S., Hill, A., Gray, J., & Gauld, R. (2015). How well does your healthcare system perform? Tracking progress towards the triple aim using system level measures. NZ Med J, 128(1415), 44-50.

Einstein, A. (2014). RELIABILITY AND VALIDITY. Rethinking Value-Added Models in Education: Critical Perspectives on Tests and Assessment-Based Accountability, 131.

Hussain, R., Maple, M., Hunter, S. V., Mapedzahama, V., Reddy, P., & Hunter, S. (2015). The Fly-in Fly-out and Drive-in Drive-out model of health care service provision for rural and remote Australia: benefits and disadvantages. Rural and remote health, 15(3068).

Mossialos, E., Wenzl, M., Osborn, R., & Anderson, C. (2016).  International Profiles of Health Care Systems. The Commonwealth Fund.

Noble, H., & Smith, J. (2015). Issues of validity and reliability in qualitative research. Evidence Based Nursing, 18(2), 34-35.

Read, J. (2013). Reliability and validity. Models of madness: Psychological, social and biological approaches to psychosis, 47.

Rochefort, C. M., Buckeridge, D. L., Tanguay, A., Biron, A., D’Aragon, F., Wang, S., … & Jayaraman, D. (2017). Accuracy and generalizability of using automated methods for identifying adverse events from electronic health record data: a validation study protocol. BMC Health Services Research, 17(1), 147.

Sohrabi, M., & Taheri, H. R. (2016). The Effect of Speed, Accuracy and Effector on Generalizability of Motor Program. Biosciences Biotechnology Research Asia, 13.

Thomas, J. S., Gilbert, T. R., & Thompson, C. H. (2017). Preparing the future workforce for healthcare in Australia. Future Hospital Journal, 4(1), 67-71.

Willis, E., Reynolds, L., & Keleher, H. (2016). Understanding the Australian health care system. Elsevier Health Sciences.