Aims and objectives of the research

Discuss about the Role of nurse caring patient with open heart surgery.

This research proposal will evaluate the competencies of the nurses in context to their work in the post heart surgeries as well as the strategies that would be applied while conducting the main research. In the course of their work in the hospitals, the nurses have considered on the processes of higher level of complexity along with the activities that are in relation to the service coordination and organisation (Nystrom et al., 2015). These demand a change in the profile of their abilities to satisfy the health needs of the patients. Adopting different strategies and managing these changes for changing the profile of professional competencies are the task that need to be allocated to the ones leading the processes of work, needing the people who could champion the changes following the preceptions of the quality as well as productivity. This research proposal would provide an overview of the CABG (Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting) open heart surgery. In addition to this, it would propose a conceptual framework for managing the constraints.

The aims and objectives of this research are mentioned below:

• To assess the importance of special care for patients with open heart surgery
• To examine the role of the nurse caring patients with open heart surgery
• To present the challenges faced by the open heart surgery patients

The below mentioned are the research question of this proposal:

• What is the role of the nurse caring patient with open heart surgery in the cardiac department?

Introduction

Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting (CABG) is a type of cardiac surgery that helps in the improvement of the flow of blood to the heart. It is used for the people who are experiencing severe coronary heart disease (CHD). CHD is a condition that is explained by formation of a substance called plaque, made up of fat, cholesterol, calcium and other substances that is formed inside the coronary arteries.

Open Heart Surgery Patients in Critical Care Unit

According to Morton, et al. (2017), nursing of the patients of open heart surgery requires services from the nurses who are adequately professional. The nurses must have adequate and clear knowledge about the open heart surgery and must be skilful enough to take care of the patients so that these patients experience successful recovery. Some of the practices followed by the nurses include washing the hands in a careful and proper ways, isolating the patients from the others and continuous using of the gloves. Compared to taking care of the other patients, the health care workers taking care of the open heart surgery patients need to be more careful and experienced. These nurses should have good knowledge about the open heart surgery and treatment of the patients in the Critical Care Unit (CCU).

Research questions

heart surgery patients (post-operation)

Ji, et al. (2013), states that there are various ways of performing operations in the open heart surgery. This article mainly focuses on the caring of patients of open heart surgery after undergoing operations. The nurses performing the duty of caring the patients should be present at the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) during the transfer of the patient from the operating room. The nurses are to receive the direction from the professionals involved in performing anaesthesia to the patients and from the team of professionals performing the surgery.  The patients are transferred to the ICU monitors by the nurses who had already checked all the lines and connections beforehand.  Next the patients are placed in the ventilator, making it easy for the patients to respite. This action is performed by another professional known as the Respiratory Technician. The patients are kept under the observation of these experts and unless the patients seems to become stable.

Expectations of the patients undergoing cardiac surgery

As stated by Rothrock (2014), the patients were of the expectations that the nurses who would be in authority of taking care of them would have sound knowledge about different types of the cardiac surgeries intelligent enough and experienced in handling the technical issues. The patients expected that as they would feel unsecure, they can rely on the nurses for their help. Post their surgeries, the patients were satisfied as they received proper help and care from the nurses as they had already expected.  There were patients who described certain changes in their behaviour and psychology such as anxiety, fear, confusions and hallucinations.

This study is being conducted in order to examine the changes in behaviour and the changes occurred in the physical characteristics of the patients. It will help in the examination that whether the patients who are undergoing the cardiac surgeries can lead a life experiencing less disease or problems.

This section deals with the different types of techniques that are used in conducting a research. As stated by Levitt et al. (2018), a research methodology refers to the process that assists in conducting a research in organised and systematised manner. It allows an understanding of the different types of techniques that are used in the research. Hence, it is to state that the research method could be defined as a procedure that is well structured. 

types of investigation

There are a total of three types of investigation and they are:

• Descriptive – It is directed by the help of the relevant concepts and theories (Johnson et al., 2017). The research study, along with the help of relevant concepts and theories could be transformed into a well descriptive research study.
• Explanatory- This type of research investigation has been taken when the researches do not have any clarity of the ideas about the research topic and it could be directed with few scientific view point.
• Hypothesis- In this testing research, primarily a hypothesis is been developed and depending on that hypothesis, the overall research is been conducted in order to prove whether the hypothesis is correct or incorrect (Ormston et al., 2014).

Literature Review

Justification of the type of investigation chosen

For this research, descriptive research study has been adopted. All the relevant concepts and theories that have been developed earlier shall be considered during the research.

Data collection method

There are two types of data collection methods and they are:

• Primary data collection
• Secondary data collection

In order to conduct a research appropriately, ample and relevant data is required. In order to conduct a research both primary and secondary data analysis is used. The former refers to the data that are collected from the questionnaire, surveys and the interviews (Fallon, 2016). The later refers to the data that are collected from the books, journals or any articles (Palinkas et al., 2015). In order to conduct a research properly, both the primary as well as secondary data need to be gathered. The primary data allows the researcher to conduct a survey on which he or she would analyse the data, while the secondary data would allow him or her to depend on the journals, articles or the books that are already been published.

Justification of the Data Collection Method Chosen

For this research, primary data would be collected. A direct interview shall be conducted with the nurses belonging from the health sectors, the patients who have undergone the open heart surgery. Furthermore, the questionnaire that would be open ended and the views of each sample would be considered. Based on the answers given to the questionnaire, the data shall be analysed as well as the results and proper and relevant recommendations will be provided. With the same, the researcher shall also depend on secondary sources for conducting this research.

Sampling method

As stated by Lavrenko and Croft (2017), there are two types of sampling method used in completing the research process and they are:

• Probability- This sampling method enables the selection of the sample as well as the respondents randomly. It is a very useful technique to know the overall response of a group of people on a given topic.
• Non-probability- This method does not permit the selection of the respondents on a random basis (Etikan, Musa & Alkassim, 2016). Instead, for this type of sample method to adopt, one must know their target respondents who are appropriate for the research.

Justification of the sampling method

For this research to conduct, the researched shall adopt the non-probability sampling method. A group of nurses from the health sectors are selected by the researcher and the target groups are both the nurses and the patients.

Accessibility Issues

When conducting any research, the researcher faces several problems in regard to the accessibility of the relevant data or the other data that are in relation to the topic during conducting the research. The feedbacks of the respondents is of the primary concern as because of the fact that they are not always correct. Therefore, the researcher might face several issues related with the data that he has collected from the respondents. However, the data that would be collected would be stored in the USB for their future use. So, it would also be a problem if the USB gets misplaced in any way.

Research Methodology

Ethical Issues

The researchers must maintain ethical practices while the entire research process. As according to the Data Protection Act of 1998, every researcher must maintain the data privacy and must ensure that they are not published (Carter, Laurie & Dixon-Woods, 2015). He or she is under an obligation of not leaking out the details of the respondents. If they do so, they might be held liable for breaching the law and if they fail to maintain the privacy of respondents, they might be held liable for breaching the ethical issues. Therefore, the researcher shall take the consent of all the respondents prior to the survey.

Data Analysis Plan

The Data Analysis plan is of two types and they are:

• Quantitative data analysis
• Qualitative data analysis

For this research, the researcher shall depend on quantitative data analysis method. This is because of the fact that the research topic as well as the surveys of the research that are conducted need to be analysed in qualitative way (Bryman, 2017). It is very useful when the researcher does not desire to conduct statistical or mathematical assessment of the whole survey.

Research Limitations

During the research, each researcher undergo limitation in regard to the research that are conducted. The main limitation of this research would be the time and the budget that might become a barrier to this research.

The dissertation would comprise of five chapters. The very first chapter would be the preliminary chapter that would contain the aim, objectives and the questions of the research. The second chapter shall contain the literature review based on certain concepts and theories that are relevant to the research topic. The next chapter would deal with the methodology of the research data, the sampling of the data, their collection process and their analysis techniques. Furthermore, the fourth chapter would analyse the survey result that is to be conducted and the analysis should be given in this chapter as well. Finally, the last chapter would include proper recommendations and conclusions of the whole research.

(Gantt chart)

Activities	Months
M June	M July	M Aug	M Sept	M Oct	M Nov	M Dec
Finalizing the topic	ü
Collecting data from the  secondary sources	ü	ü
Formation of layout for research work		ü
Conducting Literature review		ü	ü	ü
Forming a research plan			ü	ü
Selecting  an appropriate research methodology				ü	ü
Collecting data from the primary  sources					ü	ü
Analysis of the sets of collected data						ü
Interpretation of the sets of collected data						ü
Concluding the Study						ü
Designing a  rough draft						ü	ü
Submitting Final Work						ü	ü

Table 1: Time Line of Research

(Source: created by the author)

References:

Alexander, J. H., & Smith, P. K. (2016). Coronary-artery bypass grafting. New England Journal of Medicine, 374(20), 1954-1964. 

Bryman, A. (2017). Quantitative and qualitative research: further reflections on their integration. In Mixing methods: Qualitative and quantitative research (pp. 57-78).

Carter, P., Laurie, G. T., & Dixon-Woods, M. (2015). The social licence for research: why care. data ran into trouble. Journal of medical ethics, medethics-2014.

Etikan, I., Musa, S. A., & Alkassim, R. S. (2016). Comparison of convenience sampling and purposive sampling. American Journal of Theoretical and Applied Statistics, 5(1), 1-4.

Fallon, M. (2016). Primary Data Collection. In Writing up Quantitative Research in the Social and Behavioral Sciences(pp. 147-155). SensePublishers, Rotterdam.

Ji, F., Li, Z., Nguyen, H., Young, N., Shi, P., Fleming, N., & Liu, H. (2013). Perioperative dexmedetomidine improves outcomes of cardiac surgery. Circulation, CIRCULATIONAHA-112.

Johnson, T., Sanderson, B., hsuan Wang, C., & Parker, F. (2017). Factors associated with first-time NCLEX-RN success: A descriptive research study. Journal of Nursing Education, 56(9), 542-545.

Lavrenko, V., & Croft, W. B. (2017, August). Relevance-based language models. In ACM SIGIR Forum (Vol. 51, No. 2, pp. 260-267). ACM.

Levitt, H. M., Bamberg, M., Creswell, J. W., Frost, D. M., Josselson, R., & Suárez-Orozco, C. (2018). Journal article reporting standards for qualitative primary, qualitative meta-analytic, and mixed methods research in psychology: The APA Publications and Communications Board task force report. American Psychologist, 73(1), 26.

Morton, P. G., Fontaine, D., Hudak, C. M., & Gallo, B. M. (2017). Critical care nursing: a holistic approach (p. 1056). Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.

Nyström, M. E., Hansson, J., Garvare, R., & Andersson-Bäck, M. (2015). Locally based research and development units as knowledge brokers and change facilitators in health and social care of older people in Sweden. Evidence & Policy: A Journal of Research, Debate and Practice, 11(1), 57-80.

Ormston, R., Spencer, L., Barnard, M., & Snape, D. (2014). The foundations of qualitative research. Qualitative research practice: A guide for social science students and researchers, 1-26.

Palinkas, L. A., Horwitz, S. M., Green, C. A., Wisdom, J. P., Duan, N., & Hoagwood, K. (2015). Purposeful sampling for qualitative data collection and analysis in mixed method implementation research. Administration and Policy in Mental Health and Mental Health Services Research, 42(5), 533-544.

Rothrock, J. C. (2014). Alexander’s Care of the Patient in Surgery-E-Book. Elsevier Health Science