Introduction to Total Quality Management (TQM) and Benchmarking

Describe about the Total Quality Management (TQM) for Exhaustive and Composed Approach.

Total Quality Management (TQM) is systematic and organized process for dealing along with operational hierarchy and other members of administration. The process uses management of quality for products and maintenance of quality in them with through progressing and followed procedures. The refinements are included with lack of ceaseless input (Oakland, 2014). This process might characterize the suitable products according to specific organization and association or may have additional built up guidelines, for instance, the International Organization for Standardization’s ISO 9000 certification (Lakhal, 2014). TQM is useful for organization for assembling within the separate divisions and has successive adjustment for usage in verging on each kind of association believable, including educational institutes, interstate training associations, lodging and hotels, and places of worship (Wang, Chen and Chen, 2012). In current centre of e-business and online product processing, TQM hugely validated over quality assessment from the client’s point of view.

There are various TQM tools or Tools of Quality that are used to check or rectify the quality of a process. These tools are as follows:

• Six Sigma
• Quality Circles
• Jidoka
• JIT (Just in Time)
• TPC (Total Product Concept)
• Kaizen

In this assignment, two organizations, namely Dell and 3M have been benchmarked for the study and analysis of the implementation of TQM tools in their existing business structure (Gimenez-Espin, Jiménez-Jiménez and Martínez-Costa, 2013). These organizations will be benchmarked on the basis of a specific TQM tool namely Six Sigma. The successful implementation of Six Sigma in Dell and unsuccessful in 3M have been analyzed for finding the effects of TQM tools on different organizations.

Usage of ‘Six Sigma’ in organization as Dell is one of the best and effective cases of an organization utilizing ‘Six Sigma’ technique as an empowering agent to accomplish fruitful results.

Michael Dell constructed better framework and suitable model utilizing the ‘Lean Six Sigma’ which has imitated Dell Inc. to an expansive degree (Pyzdek and Keller, 2014). During the year 2000, utilizing the ‘Six Sigma’ techniques and keeping it proper framework for development, one of the key activities drove by Michael Dell as known along Business Process Improvement (BPI). Indeed, mostly prior to 5 years interval, this project is as yet developing more grounded following year intervals and turning into a model that organization can properly embrace and are trying to take after (Jacobs et al., 2015).

Business Process modification and Improvement is a process management and abilities that have been utilized with Dell increasing and comprehending them with examining business forms. It is a procedure that employs workers getting included effortlessly (Evans and Lindsay, 2014). On the off chance that a gathering of representatives face a comparative issue then as opposed to whining, they aggregately step up with regards to Business Process Improvement and it turns into a venture in the worldwide database.

TQM tools or Tools of Quality

Taking after BPI for a significant number of years, Dell has rolled out critical improvements in its method for managing clients, along these lines upgrading consumer loyalty and additionally suppliers (Furterer, 2016). Substance of the most recent methodology is Lean. Rather than creating huge bunches of frameworks like contenders, Dell has chosen to take after incline technique i.e. delivering little groups which can be redone according to client’s inclination. Dell’s suppliers likewise work to arrange. Dell arranges part and places them underway when supplier conveys them (Srinivasan et al., 2016). With Dell, one doesn’t need to sit tight for the most recent innovation to consolidate them from a cluster maker. It can be conveyed very quickly.

Taking after the year 1990, the technique named ‘Six Sigma’ was developed and brought into 3M by previous CEO James McNerney, a GE official. Albeit Six Sigma guaranteed extensive positive changes inside the organization’s business structure, it was later uncovered that the usage of Six Sigma in 3M was a disappointment. In 3M, development had turned out to be a lot of a “urging”, noted by the 3M minister and previous VP for worldwide specialized operations. As per Canato, Ravasi and Phillips (2013), organizations initially need to characterize development and how it fits into their strategies for success, and after that give the assets to bolster it.

According to Srinivasan et al. (2016), the Six Sigma process slaughtered advancement at 3M. The 3M officials have revealed that “at first what might happen in 3M with Six Sigma individuals, they would say they require a five-year strategy for success for [a new idea]. Gone ahead, we don’t know yet in light of the fact that we don’t know how it functions, we don’t know what number of clients [will take it up], we haven’t taken it out to the client yet.”

Talib, Rahman and Qureshi, (2013) have suggested that the 3M ambassador should also be able to outline pitfalls companies should avoid in order not to stifle creativity:

Setting a 5-year process and planning

Including more resources and people for going through several layers under new concept

Including control and conscious development

Expressing critical points of analysis with setting new initiatives

Being susceptive with each concept following individual idea and perception

Taking suitable decisions under the managed framework

From the study of the two companies, both successful and unsuccessful implementations of Six Sigma have been known. From the analysis, the advantages and disadvantages of Six Sigma have been deduced as follows:

The principle preferred advantage of Six Sigma along with different quality management ways with quality control. The quality control is managed with Six Sigma for client driven process management (Talib, Rahman and Qureshi, 2013).

Benchmarking of Dell

Six Sigma is identified as most imperfections of 3.4 along with individual and several products or administration forms, where anything not satisfactory to the end client is viewed as a deformity.

Six Sigma addresses total processes and mechanisms behind the generation with culmination of an administration, instead of simply the last result (Zehir et al., 2012). It is proactive as opposed to receptive, as it embarks to decide how changes can be made even before deformities or deficiencies are found.

Since Six Sigma is associated with all parts of the period and course of action procedure, it may make unbendability and alliance that can make yields and cover inventive essentialness (Fanning, Lambert and MacCarthy, 2015). Moreover, its customer focus may be taken to extremes, where inside quality-control measures that quest helpful for an association are not overviewed the overlying goal of finishing the Six Sigma-stipulated level of purchaser satisfaction (Hansen, 2014). For instance, a modest measure that goes on a threat of a to some degree higher imperfection rate may be rejected for an all the more abnormal measure that fulfills Six Sigma, yet unfairly influences adequacy.

A little evaluated business that satisfies the requirements for Six Sigma quality accreditation will clearly create among its enemies. It is especially immense to a quality making stress that produces precision stock, for case, remedial improvement. Here, quality is the most astounding client need and the client arrangements to manage the expense of the Six Sigma process (Cao, 2015).

The organizations that cannot execute Six Sigma because of reasonableness or expense that may profit by having an accomplice or representative learn and actualize a portion of the rudiments of the framework, particularly the rationality of proactively and consumer loyalty that underlies Six Sigma.

Six Sigma is to a large degree costly for some small companies to execute. Agents must get planning from certified Six Sigma associations all together for a dare to get Six Sigma affirmation (Oakland and Morris, 2013). Various little associations can’t in any capacity, shape or frame deal with the expense of such get ready, despite for a lone labourer (Al-Refaie and Hanayneh, 2014). Additionally, little associations that need to stay dexterous and innovative as often as possible find the Six Sigma course of action of system examination covering, bureaucratic and unreasonably dreary.

Benchmarking is a technique for finding what is the best execution being capable – whether in a specific relationship, by a contender or by an distinctive industry. This technique can then be utilized to perceive new operations in an association’s techniques recalling the completed goal to play out a high ground.

One critical component about benchmarking is that the organizations are required to build up and utilize measurements, which can gauge the execution. The execution can be measured in values, as consumer loyalty, the season of reaction etc. An association must know how the execution would be measured in the entire system (Fanning, Lambert and MacCarthy, 2015). For the most part organizations do not quantify the execution as they don’t choose the devices to be utilized this can bring about issue.

Benchmarking against 3M

Another reason, which causes obstacle in benchmarking, is the nonappearance of true blue utilization of the techniques. If an affiliation fails to do all things considered, then it suggests that each one of the tries and time which was set into find and accumulate the data goes pointless. This is one of the key segments, following various associations in the wake of getting the required data disregard to complete the benchmarking method properly (Talib, Rahman and Qureshi, 2013). This mistake can in like manner be an immediate consequence of delegates’, not being incorporated into the whole methodology (Bellah, Zelbst and Green, 2013). If the laborers’ are not being incorporated, then they may show resistance as they may feel neglected or something else that could happen is that the delegates’ don’t have any idea with respect to the methodology. In this way, they have no information about how to upgrade the systems of the association to make it successful.

There may be the need of an alternative tool instead of Six Sigma depending on the operations of the company. This is because; there were several issues with Six Sigma that cannot be handled by the company.

Six Sigma process is the most acquainted method that used by the manufacturers. A few have effectively utilized these demonstrated procedure change strategies to raise efficiency, expand all that really matters and enhance quality and the client experience (Fanning, Lambert and MacCarthy, 2015). Lamentably, numerous makers and organizations as a rule have still not found the estimation of Lean Six Sigma. There are numerous reasons associations do not utilize Lean Six Sigma. Some are legitimate reasons to be afraid of. Numerous are misguided judgments (Bellah, Zelbst and Green, 2013). Still others are immaculate fiction. Some commonly reported issues with Six Sigma, as said by a number of users, are as follows:“

1. I have never heard of Lean Six Sigma.
2. Lean Six Sigma is a fad, just like Total Quality Management, the Juran Quality Trilogy, Theory of Constraints, and Business Process Re-Engineering.
3. We don’t have time for a Lean Six Sigma program
4. Our company can’t afford the costs of implementing a Lean Six Sigma program.
5. We’re too small. LSS is for large companies.
6. We are not a manufacturer.
7. Lean Six Sigma involves a lot of statistics and advanced mathematics. Most of our employees are front-line operators — not engineers.
8. Lean is a better fit for our business. Six Sigma is too advanced.
9. We have tried Lean Six Sigma years ago and did not achieve good results.
   Fear of the unknown or failure.”

Again, Six Sigma is fundamentally material to an industry where

• Operations/exercises are rehashed
• Operations/exercises are indistinguishable

Six Sigma manages distinguishing the underlying driver of the issue through different methods, finding an answer for the issue and executing the arrangement. Thus, all together for Six Sigma to be exceptionally successful, the operations must be repeatable and indistinguishable (Hietschold, Reinhardt and Gurtner, 2014).

Another tool that can be suggested is Total Product Concept (TPC).

The Total Product Concept is the strategies by which affiliations and arrangements representatives can examine a thing and market and offer it all the more palatably (Lakhal 2014). The idea plots a thing utilizing the running with four estimations: the nonexclusive, the typical, the expanded and the potential thing estimation.

Benchmarking Analysis

TPC can be implemented in four different ways.

The nonexclusive item estimation gives the most fundamental focal points that address the vital inspiration driving an item. At this level, it is crucial for the customer to comprehend the key importance of an item and the prerequisites it meets.

The normal product estimation demonstrates the essential segments a client considers when purchasing a particular thing (Bellah, Zelbst and Green, 2013). Things that achieve just their base, expected handiness are sold at low costs and showcased as prerequisites be. The expanded, or respect included, thing estimation is the spot an affiliation or a business delegate investigates every one of the segments and slants of a thing that go past its essential accommodation (Teh, Yong and Lin, 2014). The additional value and the additional positive circumstances are reflected in the higher quality degree of such things. The potential thing estimation considers the inescapable predetermination of a thing and the ways it can be further made strides. Through genuine contemplating and the examination of client needs, an affiliation can upgrade a thing once the additional estimation of the past estimation changes into the standard that clients imagine (Talib, Rahman and Qureshi, 2013).

TPC has a wide range of applications and advantages for which, many commercial organizations prefer it than other tools. Hence, it can be a very suitable alternative to Six Sigma tool.

Conclusion

Total Quality Management (TQM) is an exhaustive and composed approach to manage various levelled organization that hopes to upgrade the way of items and organizations through advancing refinements in light of constant information. TQM can be associated with an affiliation; it started in the collecting division and has consequent to been balanced for use in skirting on every sort of affiliation authentic, including schools, interstate upkeep, lodging organization, and spots of love. As a present focus of e-business, TQM relies on upon quality organization from the customer’s point of view. Utilization of Six Sigma in Dell is one of the prime and powerful instances of a Company using Six Sigma as an enabling specialist to perform productive results. Then again, albeit Six Sigma guaranteed extensive positive changes inside the organization’s business structure, it was later uncovered that the usage of Six Sigma in 3M was a disappointment. Six Sigma is to an extraordinary degree costly for some little associations to execute. Agents must get ready from avowed Six Sigma associations all together for a dare to get Six Sigma affirmation. Notwithstanding the way that a firm wishes to execute Six Sigma without formal affirmation, much get ready is key remembering the deciding objective to fathom the system and how to apply it to particular business shapes. However, there were several issues with Six Sigma that cannot be handled by the companies. Hence, some other tools have come into existence and alternative options can be tried and tested in case Six Sigma is not suitable for the company. The Total Product Concept (TPC) is the means by which organizations and sales representatives can investigate an product and market and offer it all the more adequately. TPC has a wide range of applications and advantages for which, many commercial organizations prefer it than other tools. Hence, it can be a very suitable alternative to Six Sigma tool.

Advantages and Benefits of Six Sigma

References

Al-Refaie, A. and Hanayneh, B., (2014). Influences of TPM, TQM, Six Sigma practices on firms performance in Jordan. International Journal of Productivity and Quality Management, 13(2), pp.219-234.

Bellah, J., Zelbst, P.J. and Green Jr, K.W., (2013). Unique TQM practices and logistics performance. International Journal of Productivity and Quality Management, 12(1), pp.61-76.

Canato, A., Ravasi, D. and Phillips, N., (2013). Coerced practice implementation in cases of low cultural fit: Cultural change and practice adaptation during the implementation of Six Sigma at 3M. Academy of Management Journal, 56(6), pp.1724-1753.

Cao, A.D., (2015). US Export Trading Company: A Model of Export Promotion in the 80’s. In The 1980’s: A Decade of Marketing Challenges (pp. 85-90). Springer International Publishing.

Evans, J.R. and Lindsay, W.M., (2014). An introduction to Six Sigma and process improvement. Cengage Learning.

Fanning, S., Lambert, C. and MacCarthy, M., (2015). Marketing education: Life after the 4Ps.

Furterer, S.L. ed., (2016). Lean Six Sigma in service: applications and case studies. CRC Press.

Gimenez-Espin, J.A., Jiménez-Jiménez, D. and Martínez-Costa, M., (2013). Organizational culture for total quality management. Total Quality Management & Business Excellence, 24(5-6), pp.678-692.

Hansen, E., (2014). CEO 3d; Wood-based Entrepreneurs Toolkit: New Product Development. Corvallis, Or.: Forest Research Laboratory, College of Forestry, Oregon State University.

Hietschold, N., Reinhardt, R. and Gurtner, S., (2014). Measuring critical success factors of TQM implementation successfully–a systematic literature review. International Journal of Production Research, 52(21), pp.6254-6272.

Jacobs, B.W., Swink, M. and Linderman, K., (2015). Performance effects of early and late Six Sigma adoptions. Journal of Operations Management, 36, pp.244-257.

Lakhal, L., (2014). The relationship between ISO 9000 certification, TQM practices, and organizational performance. The Quality Management Journal,21(3), p.38.

Oakland, J.S. and Morris, P., (2013). Pocket Guide to TQM. Routledge.

Oakland, J.S., (2014). Total quality management and operational excellence: text with cases. Routledge.

Pyzdek, T. and Keller, P.A., (2014). The six sigma handbook (p. 25). McGraw-Hill Education.

Srinivasan, K., Muthu, S., Devadasan, S.R. and Sugumaran, C., (2016). Six Sigma through DMAIC phases: a literature review. International Journal of Productivity and Quality Management, 17(2), pp.236-257.

Talib, F., Rahman, Z. and Qureshi, M.N., (2013). An empirical investigation of relationship between total quality management practices and quality performance in Indian service companies. International Journal of Quality & Reliability Management, 30(3), pp.280-318.

Teh, P.L., Yong, C.C. and Lin, B., (2014). Multidimensional and mediating relationships between TQM, role conflict and role ambiguity: A role theory perspective. Total Quality Management & Business Excellence, 25(11-12), pp.1365-1381.

Wang, C.H., Chen, K.Y. and Chen, S.C., (2012). Total quality management, market orientation and hotel performance: The moderating effects of external environmental factors. International Journal of Hospitality Management,31(1), pp.119-129.

Zehir, C., Ertosun, Ö.G., Zehir, S. and Müceldilli, B., (2012). Total quality management practices’ effects on quality performance and innovative performance. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 41, pp.273-280.

Introduction to Total Quality Management (TQM) and Benchmarking

Describe about the Total Quality Management (TQM) for Exhaustive and Composed Approach.

Total Quality Management (TQM) is systematic and organized process for dealing along with operational hierarchy and other members of administration. The process uses management of quality for products and maintenance of quality in them with through progressing and followed procedures. The refinements are included with lack of ceaseless input (Oakland, 2014). This process might characterize the suitable products according to specific organization and association or may have additional built up guidelines, for instance, the International Organization for Standardization’s ISO 9000 certification (Lakhal, 2014). TQM is useful for organization for assembling within the separate divisions and has successive adjustment for usage in verging on each kind of association believable, including educational institutes, interstate training associations, lodging and hotels, and places of worship (Wang, Chen and Chen, 2012). In current centre of e-business and online product processing, TQM hugely validated over quality assessment from the client’s point of view.

There are various TQM tools or Tools of Quality that are used to check or rectify the quality of a process. These tools are as follows:

• Six Sigma
• Quality Circles
• Jidoka
• JIT (Just in Time)
• TPC (Total Product Concept)
• Kaizen

In this assignment, two organizations, namely Dell and 3M have been benchmarked for the study and analysis of the implementation of TQM tools in their existing business structure (Gimenez-Espin, Jiménez-Jiménez and Martínez-Costa, 2013). These organizations will be benchmarked on the basis of a specific TQM tool namely Six Sigma. The successful implementation of Six Sigma in Dell and unsuccessful in 3M have been analyzed for finding the effects of TQM tools on different organizations.

Usage of ‘Six Sigma’ in organization as Dell is one of the best and effective cases of an organization utilizing ‘Six Sigma’ technique as an empowering agent to accomplish fruitful results.

Michael Dell constructed better framework and suitable model utilizing the ‘Lean Six Sigma’ which has imitated Dell Inc. to an expansive degree (Pyzdek and Keller, 2014). During the year 2000, utilizing the ‘Six Sigma’ techniques and keeping it proper framework for development, one of the key activities drove by Michael Dell as known along Business Process Improvement (BPI). Indeed, mostly prior to 5 years interval, this project is as yet developing more grounded following year intervals and turning into a model that organization can properly embrace and are trying to take after (Jacobs et al., 2015).

Business Process modification and Improvement is a process management and abilities that have been utilized with Dell increasing and comprehending them with examining business forms. It is a procedure that employs workers getting included effortlessly (Evans and Lindsay, 2014). On the off chance that a gathering of representatives face a comparative issue then as opposed to whining, they aggregately step up with regards to Business Process Improvement and it turns into a venture in the worldwide database.

TQM tools or Tools of Quality

Taking after BPI for a significant number of years, Dell has rolled out critical improvements in its method for managing clients, along these lines upgrading consumer loyalty and additionally suppliers (Furterer, 2016). Substance of the most recent methodology is Lean. Rather than creating huge bunches of frameworks like contenders, Dell has chosen to take after incline technique i.e. delivering little groups which can be redone according to client’s inclination. Dell’s suppliers likewise work to arrange. Dell arranges part and places them underway when supplier conveys them (Srinivasan et al., 2016). With Dell, one doesn’t need to sit tight for the most recent innovation to consolidate them from a cluster maker. It can be conveyed very quickly.

Taking after the year 1990, the technique named ‘Six Sigma’ was developed and brought into 3M by previous CEO James McNerney, a GE official. Albeit Six Sigma guaranteed extensive positive changes inside the organization’s business structure, it was later uncovered that the usage of Six Sigma in 3M was a disappointment. In 3M, development had turned out to be a lot of a “urging”, noted by the 3M minister and previous VP for worldwide specialized operations. As per Canato, Ravasi and Phillips (2013), organizations initially need to characterize development and how it fits into their strategies for success, and after that give the assets to bolster it.

According to Srinivasan et al. (2016), the Six Sigma process slaughtered advancement at 3M. The 3M officials have revealed that “at first what might happen in 3M with Six Sigma individuals, they would say they require a five-year strategy for success for [a new idea]. Gone ahead, we don’t know yet in light of the fact that we don’t know how it functions, we don’t know what number of clients [will take it up], we haven’t taken it out to the client yet.”

Talib, Rahman and Qureshi, (2013) have suggested that the 3M ambassador should also be able to outline pitfalls companies should avoid in order not to stifle creativity:

Setting a 5-year process and planning

Including more resources and people for going through several layers under new concept

Including control and conscious development

Expressing critical points of analysis with setting new initiatives

Being susceptive with each concept following individual idea and perception

Taking suitable decisions under the managed framework

From the study of the two companies, both successful and unsuccessful implementations of Six Sigma have been known. From the analysis, the advantages and disadvantages of Six Sigma have been deduced as follows:

The principle preferred advantage of Six Sigma along with different quality management ways with quality control. The quality control is managed with Six Sigma for client driven process management (Talib, Rahman and Qureshi, 2013).

Benchmarking of Dell

Six Sigma is identified as most imperfections of 3.4 along with individual and several products or administration forms, where anything not satisfactory to the end client is viewed as a deformity.

Six Sigma addresses total processes and mechanisms behind the generation with culmination of an administration, instead of simply the last result (Zehir et al., 2012). It is proactive as opposed to receptive, as it embarks to decide how changes can be made even before deformities or deficiencies are found.

Since Six Sigma is associated with all parts of the period and course of action procedure, it may make unbendability and alliance that can make yields and cover inventive essentialness (Fanning, Lambert and MacCarthy, 2015). Moreover, its customer focus may be taken to extremes, where inside quality-control measures that quest helpful for an association are not overviewed the overlying goal of finishing the Six Sigma-stipulated level of purchaser satisfaction (Hansen, 2014). For instance, a modest measure that goes on a threat of a to some degree higher imperfection rate may be rejected for an all the more abnormal measure that fulfills Six Sigma, yet unfairly influences adequacy.

A little evaluated business that satisfies the requirements for Six Sigma quality accreditation will clearly create among its enemies. It is especially immense to a quality making stress that produces precision stock, for case, remedial improvement. Here, quality is the most astounding client need and the client arrangements to manage the expense of the Six Sigma process (Cao, 2015).

The organizations that cannot execute Six Sigma because of reasonableness or expense that may profit by having an accomplice or representative learn and actualize a portion of the rudiments of the framework, particularly the rationality of proactively and consumer loyalty that underlies Six Sigma.

Six Sigma is to a large degree costly for some small companies to execute. Agents must get planning from certified Six Sigma associations all together for a dare to get Six Sigma affirmation (Oakland and Morris, 2013). Various little associations can’t in any capacity, shape or frame deal with the expense of such get ready, despite for a lone labourer (Al-Refaie and Hanayneh, 2014). Additionally, little associations that need to stay dexterous and innovative as often as possible find the Six Sigma course of action of system examination covering, bureaucratic and unreasonably dreary.

Benchmarking is a technique for finding what is the best execution being capable – whether in a specific relationship, by a contender or by an distinctive industry. This technique can then be utilized to perceive new operations in an association’s techniques recalling the completed goal to play out a high ground.

One critical component about benchmarking is that the organizations are required to build up and utilize measurements, which can gauge the execution. The execution can be measured in values, as consumer loyalty, the season of reaction etc. An association must know how the execution would be measured in the entire system (Fanning, Lambert and MacCarthy, 2015). For the most part organizations do not quantify the execution as they don’t choose the devices to be utilized this can bring about issue.

Benchmarking against 3M

Another reason, which causes obstacle in benchmarking, is the nonappearance of true blue utilization of the techniques. If an affiliation fails to do all things considered, then it suggests that each one of the tries and time which was set into find and accumulate the data goes pointless. This is one of the key segments, following various associations in the wake of getting the required data disregard to complete the benchmarking method properly (Talib, Rahman and Qureshi, 2013). This mistake can in like manner be an immediate consequence of delegates’, not being incorporated into the whole methodology (Bellah, Zelbst and Green, 2013). If the laborers’ are not being incorporated, then they may show resistance as they may feel neglected or something else that could happen is that the delegates’ don’t have any idea with respect to the methodology. In this way, they have no information about how to upgrade the systems of the association to make it successful.

There may be the need of an alternative tool instead of Six Sigma depending on the operations of the company. This is because; there were several issues with Six Sigma that cannot be handled by the company.

Six Sigma process is the most acquainted method that used by the manufacturers. A few have effectively utilized these demonstrated procedure change strategies to raise efficiency, expand all that really matters and enhance quality and the client experience (Fanning, Lambert and MacCarthy, 2015). Lamentably, numerous makers and organizations as a rule have still not found the estimation of Lean Six Sigma. There are numerous reasons associations do not utilize Lean Six Sigma. Some are legitimate reasons to be afraid of. Numerous are misguided judgments (Bellah, Zelbst and Green, 2013). Still others are immaculate fiction. Some commonly reported issues with Six Sigma, as said by a number of users, are as follows:“

1. I have never heard of Lean Six Sigma.
2. Lean Six Sigma is a fad, just like Total Quality Management, the Juran Quality Trilogy, Theory of Constraints, and Business Process Re-Engineering.
3. We don’t have time for a Lean Six Sigma program
4. Our company can’t afford the costs of implementing a Lean Six Sigma program.
5. We’re too small. LSS is for large companies.
6. We are not a manufacturer.
7. Lean Six Sigma involves a lot of statistics and advanced mathematics. Most of our employees are front-line operators — not engineers.
8. Lean is a better fit for our business. Six Sigma is too advanced.
9. We have tried Lean Six Sigma years ago and did not achieve good results.
   Fear of the unknown or failure.”

Again, Six Sigma is fundamentally material to an industry where

• Operations/exercises are rehashed
• Operations/exercises are indistinguishable

Six Sigma manages distinguishing the underlying driver of the issue through different methods, finding an answer for the issue and executing the arrangement. Thus, all together for Six Sigma to be exceptionally successful, the operations must be repeatable and indistinguishable (Hietschold, Reinhardt and Gurtner, 2014).

Another tool that can be suggested is Total Product Concept (TPC).

The Total Product Concept is the strategies by which affiliations and arrangements representatives can examine a thing and market and offer it all the more palatably (Lakhal 2014). The idea plots a thing utilizing the running with four estimations: the nonexclusive, the typical, the expanded and the potential thing estimation.

Benchmarking Analysis

TPC can be implemented in four different ways.

The nonexclusive item estimation gives the most fundamental focal points that address the vital inspiration driving an item. At this level, it is crucial for the customer to comprehend the key importance of an item and the prerequisites it meets.

The normal product estimation demonstrates the essential segments a client considers when purchasing a particular thing (Bellah, Zelbst and Green, 2013). Things that achieve just their base, expected handiness are sold at low costs and showcased as prerequisites be. The expanded, or respect included, thing estimation is the spot an affiliation or a business delegate investigates every one of the segments and slants of a thing that go past its essential accommodation (Teh, Yong and Lin, 2014). The additional value and the additional positive circumstances are reflected in the higher quality degree of such things. The potential thing estimation considers the inescapable predetermination of a thing and the ways it can be further made strides. Through genuine contemplating and the examination of client needs, an affiliation can upgrade a thing once the additional estimation of the past estimation changes into the standard that clients imagine (Talib, Rahman and Qureshi, 2013).

TPC has a wide range of applications and advantages for which, many commercial organizations prefer it than other tools. Hence, it can be a very suitable alternative to Six Sigma tool.

Conclusion

Total Quality Management (TQM) is an exhaustive and composed approach to manage various levelled organization that hopes to upgrade the way of items and organizations through advancing refinements in light of constant information. TQM can be associated with an affiliation; it started in the collecting division and has consequent to been balanced for use in skirting on every sort of affiliation authentic, including schools, interstate upkeep, lodging organization, and spots of love. As a present focus of e-business, TQM relies on upon quality organization from the customer’s point of view. Utilization of Six Sigma in Dell is one of the prime and powerful instances of a Company using Six Sigma as an enabling specialist to perform productive results. Then again, albeit Six Sigma guaranteed extensive positive changes inside the organization’s business structure, it was later uncovered that the usage of Six Sigma in 3M was a disappointment. Six Sigma is to an extraordinary degree costly for some little associations to execute. Agents must get ready from avowed Six Sigma associations all together for a dare to get Six Sigma affirmation. Notwithstanding the way that a firm wishes to execute Six Sigma without formal affirmation, much get ready is key remembering the deciding objective to fathom the system and how to apply it to particular business shapes. However, there were several issues with Six Sigma that cannot be handled by the companies. Hence, some other tools have come into existence and alternative options can be tried and tested in case Six Sigma is not suitable for the company. The Total Product Concept (TPC) is the means by which organizations and sales representatives can investigate an product and market and offer it all the more adequately. TPC has a wide range of applications and advantages for which, many commercial organizations prefer it than other tools. Hence, it can be a very suitable alternative to Six Sigma tool.

Advantages and Benefits of Six Sigma

References

Al-Refaie, A. and Hanayneh, B., (2014). Influences of TPM, TQM, Six Sigma practices on firms performance in Jordan. International Journal of Productivity and Quality Management, 13(2), pp.219-234.

Bellah, J., Zelbst, P.J. and Green Jr, K.W., (2013). Unique TQM practices and logistics performance. International Journal of Productivity and Quality Management, 12(1), pp.61-76.

Canato, A., Ravasi, D. and Phillips, N., (2013). Coerced practice implementation in cases of low cultural fit: Cultural change and practice adaptation during the implementation of Six Sigma at 3M. Academy of Management Journal, 56(6), pp.1724-1753.

Cao, A.D., (2015). US Export Trading Company: A Model of Export Promotion in the 80’s. In The 1980’s: A Decade of Marketing Challenges (pp. 85-90). Springer International Publishing.

Evans, J.R. and Lindsay, W.M., (2014). An introduction to Six Sigma and process improvement. Cengage Learning.

Fanning, S., Lambert, C. and MacCarthy, M., (2015). Marketing education: Life after the 4Ps.

Furterer, S.L. ed., (2016). Lean Six Sigma in service: applications and case studies. CRC Press.

Gimenez-Espin, J.A., Jiménez-Jiménez, D. and Martínez-Costa, M., (2013). Organizational culture for total quality management. Total Quality Management & Business Excellence, 24(5-6), pp.678-692.

Hansen, E., (2014). CEO 3d; Wood-based Entrepreneurs Toolkit: New Product Development. Corvallis, Or.: Forest Research Laboratory, College of Forestry, Oregon State University.

Hietschold, N., Reinhardt, R. and Gurtner, S., (2014). Measuring critical success factors of TQM implementation successfully–a systematic literature review. International Journal of Production Research, 52(21), pp.6254-6272.

Jacobs, B.W., Swink, M. and Linderman, K., (2015). Performance effects of early and late Six Sigma adoptions. Journal of Operations Management, 36, pp.244-257.

Lakhal, L., (2014). The relationship between ISO 9000 certification, TQM practices, and organizational performance. The Quality Management Journal,21(3), p.38.

Oakland, J.S. and Morris, P., (2013). Pocket Guide to TQM. Routledge.

Oakland, J.S., (2014). Total quality management and operational excellence: text with cases. Routledge.

Pyzdek, T. and Keller, P.A., (2014). The six sigma handbook (p. 25). McGraw-Hill Education.

Srinivasan, K., Muthu, S., Devadasan, S.R. and Sugumaran, C., (2016). Six Sigma through DMAIC phases: a literature review. International Journal of Productivity and Quality Management, 17(2), pp.236-257.

Talib, F., Rahman, Z. and Qureshi, M.N., (2013). An empirical investigation of relationship between total quality management practices and quality performance in Indian service companies. International Journal of Quality & Reliability Management, 30(3), pp.280-318.

Teh, P.L., Yong, C.C. and Lin, B., (2014). Multidimensional and mediating relationships between TQM, role conflict and role ambiguity: A role theory perspective. Total Quality Management & Business Excellence, 25(11-12), pp.1365-1381.

Wang, C.H., Chen, K.Y. and Chen, S.C., (2012). Total quality management, market orientation and hotel performance: The moderating effects of external environmental factors. International Journal of Hospitality Management,31(1), pp.119-129.

Zehir, C., Ertosun, Ö.G., Zehir, S. and Müceldilli, B., (2012). Total quality management practices’ effects on quality performance and innovative performance. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 41, pp.273-280.