Background

Discuss about the Urban planning in Sydney and Overpopulation Problem.

The highest rate of population growth is persisted in Australia and almost three-quarter of the growth rate is established in four major cities. Sidney is one of them and adequate urban planning is needed for revising infrastructural cost and improved urban management. In case of the rising population more infrastructural facility is needed and that provide development opportunities for the region. 35% affordable housing targets have been applied over London and just 5% proposed for Sydney, the difference is clear that Government tries to increase developer cost and decrease affordability (Parliament.nsw.gov.au 2011). Urban population enhances the chances of pollution, water supply problem, garbage control, Urban Sprawl, all these issues are the concerning factor for Sydney (Beck 2015). The reason behind concerned planning is to mitigate the regional difference and population aging and also implement Government policies for the better commencement of urban planning. 

Sydney is one of the biggest urban centers that have remained unchanged their provision services since the 19^th century. There are many low-density suburbs have grown all over the region. To make the more sustainable city and prominent changes in Sydney Government have imposed a certain urban structural policy for better acceptance. At the initial part of the 20^th century, Sydney Government tried to impose the theory of Garden city, the theory signified the engagement with tree and better environment condition for the nation. Public health, housing spaces, commercial and residential places all these are needed to be amended in a right way so that proper sustainability of Sydney can maintain (Washington and Twomey 2016). Human and non-human structure is also important for Sydney and they need to focus on that to sustain a better ration over this section. 

The urban affecting issue in Sydney is the major Australian demographical changes that highlight the issues of urban setting in Sydney. The population replacement methods of retirement and pension scheme for people all these basically enhance the dependency ratio. The immigration problem is the major concern for Sydney as there are a number of people who constantly entre in Sydney for a different reason and the also responsible for environmental degradation and aging problem (Coffee, Lange and Baker 2016). Poverty, Chronic unemployment, drug, and alcohol abuse, crime, homelessness, and welfare dependence all these are the social exclusion problem that Sydney has faced if proper planning is not sustained. Water and air pollution, physical alteration of landscapes all these are provided bitter environmental damage for Sydney (Nash and Gorman-Murray 2015). The overpopulation issue sometimes creates a diverse impression on education and housing engagement and also increase of hazardous elements also disturb the proximity of housing as well. The Neighborhood Improvement Program (NIP) has been imposed by the NSW Department and renews better policies and addressing social disadvantages for the Sydney housing estate. Almost 40,000 public housings concentrated on that large estate in 1970’s and they are quite accustomed to low amenities and management (Parliament.nsw.gov.au 2011). This has created a major social problem for Sydney and NSW state government has imposed certain dependency case or certain housing management and communicate development case for better employment opportunities as well. 

Urban Population Issues

The major urban problems for Sydney are Pollution, water supply, garbage and urban sprawl. These problems are impacted over the whole Sydney as over-population case creates more transport issue and environment is getting infected by that situation. Water supply also affected by the increased level of population. Energy generations from water or extensive connection to river or dam are also being affected by water problem (Tonts, McKenzie and Plummer 2016). Increase population also generates more garbage and that growth in garbage creates an unsustainable condition for people. On the other hand, employment is a big challenge for Sydney and people are trying to develop their position as well for the sustainable condition of their life leading. In that sense, the problems are relevant as well as impacted by demographical problem issues (Tsoukalas, Makropoulos and Michas 2017). Immigration issues need to be controlled on that occasion and high increase in population need to be restricted in some areas. There are some low incomes zones that Government needs to identify and low range housing policy has been implemented in those sectors (Bauman et al., 2017). The investment, education, poverty all these criteria need to be demonstrated in an effective way so that high price housing and low price housing can be segmented in a proper manner and urban policies needed to be addressed by urban sprawling.

Figure 1: Sydney Land Supply and segmented areas

(Source: Smh.com.au 2015)

Environment protection like land development, land acquisition for trees, tree plantation and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 also restore endangered species (Parliament.nsw.gov.au 2011); urban amenities, ecological development, and preservation of trees are main restoration things that need to initiate by the Australian government. Sustainable development needs in land mapping, pointing and segregated the land for housing is important for urban management. In case of energy consumption, need to use the solar power absorbing plates so that household can acquire maximum electricity. For sustainable urban management, the revised law from Australian government needs to implement so that Sydney people can live their standard of living in a better way and also maintain the ecological balance.

Changes like Greenfield development for delivering the low-density housing is the major project initiative that NSW government has taken for the development of region. As population is growing day by day, legitimate infrastructure is needed for that occasion to change the problem scenario (McAlpine et al., 2015). The solution like Brownfield and Grey field redevelopment, for high-density development areas, are the existing policies that government need to initiate those policies for urban planning and development in Sydney. Housing projection and selection of target market is another solution that government can take for better development in urban management. Infrastructure Australia 2016 has been imposed by the government for infrastructure the job and education, high-quality public spaces, parks, and community facilities (Chen, Hadjikakou and Wiedmann 2016).  On the other hand, there are five sustainable categories that government is still working to accumulate the huge number of people in Sydney. Design, livability, economic prosperity, and environmental sustainability are concern issues that can create space for people and provide active development objectives for species and environment. Pollution needs to be mitigated and transportation distributed strategies need to be implemented by government so that low pollutant vehicles are mostly in road and solar farm of energy will be the source of their driving force.

Conclusion

Therefore it can be concluded that annual population rate and low development in urban infrastructure is the concerning issues for Sydney. There are different government plan and policy need to be implemented by NSW government and all those outcomes are positive enough to provide support in environment and demographical aspect in Sydney. Land development, economic value of Sydney, employment facilities, climatic changes and conservation acts are needed to be imposed on the controlling growing population. There are some Metropolitan strategies and increase local government facilities and facilities to civilians for the development of region.  At present $24 million were already spent on the research over the pollution and quality of result that was expected, enforce better recommendations for the nation. Australia has one of the maximum UV emission levels on earth, Sydney administration must endorse sun protection to keep away from enormous health issues connected to skin cancers and some other disease, thus impact of diverse weather also imposed over this section. Healthy urban environment, sustainable condition of people, their engagement, disease all these are related to the planning structure that government needs to impose over Sydney and this will change the urban management scenario.

References

Bauman, A., Crane, M., Drayton, B.A. and Titze, S., 2017. The unrealised potential of bike share schemes to influence population physical activity levels–A narrative review. Preventive medicine.

Beck, M., 2015. Australia’s infrastructure. Ecodate, 29(2), p.2.

Chen, G., Hadjikakou, M. and Wiedmann, T., 2016. Urban carbon transformations: unravelling spatial and inter-sectoral linkages for key city industries based on multi-region input–output analysis. Journal of Cleaner Production.

Coffee, N.T., Lange, J. and Baker, E., 2016. Visualising 30 years of population density change in Australia’s major capital cities. Australian Geographer, 47(4), pp.511-525.

McAlpine, C., Lunney, D., Melzer, A., Menkhorst, P., Phillips, S., Phalen, D., Ellis, W., Foley, W., Baxter, G., de Villiers, D. and Kavanagh, R., 2015. Conserving koalas: a review of the contrasting regional trends, outlooks and policy challenges. Biological Conservation, 192, pp.226-236.

Nash, C.J. and Gorman-Murray, A., 2015. Recovering the gay village: A comparative historical geography of urban change and planning in Toronto and Sydney. Historical Geography, 43, pp.84-105.

Parliament.nsw.gov.au 2011 Population Issues for Sydney and NSW: policy frameworks and responses Retrieved from: https://www.parliament.nsw.gov.au/researchpapers/Documents/population-issues-for-sydney-and-nsw–policy-fra/Population%20Issues%20Briefing%20Paper%205-2011.pdf [Accessed on 27^th December, 2017]

Tonts, M., McKenzie, F.H. and Plummer, P., 2016. The Resource’Super-Cycle’and Australia’s Remote Cities. Built Environment, 42(1), pp.174-188.

Tsoukalas, I.K., Makropoulos, C.K. and Michas, S.N., 2017. Identification of potential sewer mining locations: a Monte-Carlo based approach. Water Science and Technology, 76(12), pp.3351-3357.

Washington, H. and Twomey, P. eds., 2016. A Future Beyond Growth: Towards a Steady State Economy. Routledge