Importance of Proper Knowledge

Discuss about the Impact of population on the water supply in India.

The proper application of knowledge is essential for the successful completion of a project. In the case of the engineers, it is essential that the people pursuing the course have proper knowledge of the methods required for the completion of a project based on their domain (Stjepandi? et al. 2015). In this regard, it can be said that the engineering discipline selected for this assignment is the water supply. Supply of water is important for the survival of people in a society. It is important that the engineering design for the supply of water take into account the physical, chemical as well as the biological treatment processes. These processes help in understanding the manner in which water supply in the society is distributed among the various people residing in the society. The state of practice that the engineers need to consider is the fact that opportunities will remain to improve the resources and maintain the sustainability of the water supply.

However, there are certain issues that may present itself in the application of a proper water supply in a society. For example, in a country like India, the population is high and thereby, the places of residents are high. According to Sobieszczanski-Sobieski, Morris and van Tooren (2015), the building of dams for water supply require a huge plot of land and experienced workers. In India, this can be a challenge as the experienced workers may be difficult to find and despite the fact, it is a large country, the dense population may cause hindrance in the setting up of water supply dams. At the same time, it is required that the founding principles of water supply are managed effectively. This includes the quality and quantity of water. Reddy, Sridhar and Rangadu (2015) stated that it is important for engineers to build water supply facilities that provide a minimum of 20 per capital litres of water per day. This can help in meeting the requirements of water for basic purposes.

It is necessary for engineers to conduct the construction process keeping in mind the legal and statutory requirements of the country. This is because sustainability and environmental protection are the two important factors that are important to the success of an organisation. In this regard, it can be said that the engineers involved in the construction of water supply facilities need to abide by the legal and statutory rules that govern the society (Brown, Campbell and Crook 2014). In the case of India, the engineers need to abide by the rules stated in the Environmental Protection Act, 1986 that includes taking care of the air, water and land of the nation. It is also essential to ensure that the health and safety of the engineers are maintained. This includes the risk management and the responsibilities related to the health and safety of the water supply facilities that are developed in India.

Challenges Faced by Engineers in India

For example, it is necessary that the engineers be given proper protective gear while working in the field to apply the water supply system. In a country like India, the temperature plays a crucial role, particularly during the summer. As stated by Grant (2015) working in summer time in India is challenging due to the high humidity in the country. Hence, the engineers need to be given proper protective gear to combat the sunshine. At the same time, it is essential that the social, environmental and economic principles of sustainability be maintained by considering the legal requirements of the engineering domain. Thus, it can be said that the sustainability of the construction of water supply facility needs to be done in a manner that does not disrupt the sustainable factor of India. Stewart and Deng (2014) stated that the fundamental principles of the engineering project management include the mentality that projects are temporary. Engineers need to move on from the projects that they are currently working on and ensure that the focus on the next project that they are to undertake. At the same time, risk management and consideration of the fact whether the project needs to be executed are to be analysed by the engineers.

Davis (2017) is of the opinion that the engineering module requires focussing on certain characteristics that act as a means of forming salient issues for a company. These issues usually arise from the causes and effects that take place while forming an engineering facility and address the problems that engineers generally face. In this regard, it can be said that the performance and behaviour of the engineers are taken into account to understand the manner in which the engineers can apply themselves in challenging circumstances. Keeping the analysis in mind it can be said that the solution strategies to these issues can be formed by analysing and developing conclusion relevant to the issues. For example, in a country like India, the application of water supply management can be done by considering the legal constraints that govern the country. According to Robillard et al. (2014), the political impact of the country on a construction project is more than the political impact in other countries.

Thus, it can be said that legislation based on the application of the particular engineering domain can be critically appreciated to understand the cause of the sustainability in the engineering department. The health and environment of the country need to be protected so that sustainability can be maintained. The manner in which the safety requirements of the employees are to be analysed so that the particular engineering discipline can be applied to various factors in the society. Some of the issues that the engineering project may face are the fact that the project needs to be completed on time. As observed by Wankat and Oreovicz (2015) completion of a project in India within the time allocated may be difficult as various factors are involved that hinder the course of action. The compliance with the legislative requirements is done so that legal rights are maintained upon the process and it satisfies the people in the society. Thus, the outcomes that can be possible may vary depending on the situations in which the project is being completed.

Legal and Statutory Requirements

It is essential that every engineering discipline maintain certain records that are relevant for the application of a successful process. The components, resources as well as the equipment required for the completing of a project need to be relevant so that material barrier is not the cause of the failure of a project. Hence, it can be said that the fluent application for the construction of the water supply facilities in India requires proper analysis of the factors that are important for the success of the project (Linehan 2014). For example, a requirement of skilled employees is the main component that needs to be considered for the completion of the project. In India, due to the depth of the population, the engineering companies may find appropriate labour that can help in the completion of the project. However, it needs to be kept in mind that the employees can use the equipment required. This is mainly because of the fact that most of the employees do not have knowledge about the use of the equipment.

At the same time as stated by Wilson-Ahlstrom et al. (2014) the performance of the employees, mode of safe working and the failure modes are analysed. The chances of failure in India can be high due to the political turmoil that surrounds the country. Most of the people in India act upon the signal provided by the Government. The safe working mode needs to ensure that an insurance is provided to the employees either by the company or by the states in the case of any accidents. At the same time, the estimated time required for the completion of the project need to be predicted. To do so it is necessary to analyse and interpret data of results that has been formulated after considering other projects that have been successfully implemented (Carvalho and Rabechini Junior 2015). Thus, understanding of the systematic management of the acquisition and commission of operation can be formulated with the implementation of the project management. Thus, the critical analysis of the engineering domain needs to be made so that proper equipment and facilities can be managed.

According to Hurrell (2016), every profession needs to uphold certain ethical principles that highlight the ethical considerations that are required to be maintained. The ethical standards need to be maintained based on the profession of the employees and the rules set by the Government in regard to pursuing a particular profession. Thus, it can be said that similarly, the engineering profession also has certain ethical codes and standards that require being met and considerably ensue that the rules of the land are upheld. The fundamentals principles that highlight the profession include the use of knowledge and skill for enhancing the welfare of the human beings and environment. Honesty and impartial services to the public and the employers is another principle that needs to be considered by the engineers while working on a particular project (Adhvaryu, Kala and Nyshadham 2018). These standards are maintained keeping in mind the Australian code of ethics. Thus, it can be said that the ethical considerations that need to be managed comprise of the welfare of the human beings in the society.

Protecting Health and Safety of Employees

Other codes of conducts that need to be managed include certain oaths that the engineers need to undertake to ensure that the sustainability of the professional duties is maintained. The principles of sustainable development need to maintain keeping in mind the health and welfare of the public and the services that need to be provided in the areas of competence. It is the duty of the engineers to issue statements only in the form of objective and truthful manner. This can help in maintaining the compliance with the necessary legal and ethical codes that are useful for the development of engineers in the future (Coale and Hoover 2015). However, the most important ethic that the engineers need to uphold is the behaviour. The Australian Engineering Code of Ethics highly regards that the engineers uphold and enhance the honour, integrity and dignity of the profession without disrespecting it.

Kozlowski et al. (2015) stated that team membership and leadership are essential for conducting a successful project. The fundamentals of team dynamics and leadership are that it creates huge profit for the project and the organisation in which it works. Leadership ensure the fact that the staffs are satisfied with the work given to them and they perform their best while proper guidance is provided. A team helps in the coordination of the work done and ensures that people enjoy the work assigned to them. In this regard, the importance of job satisfaction needs to be considered that highlights the satisfaction of the employees. The team performance is considered by understanding the rate at which the individuals have managed to apply themselves in an organisational setting. Apart from this, the reputation of a company is also withheld by the proper collaboration of the teams. In the case of the engineers from Australia seeking to do business in India, it is necessary that the company work together in an effective manner to uphold the reputation of the engineering firm.

Salas et al. (2015) are of the opinion that effective leadership can be attained if the leaders earn the respect of the colleagues. This can be done trusting the employees to complete a project within the given limit of time. Thus, it is necessary that the team leaders provide continuous support to the employees and help them in upholding the necessary rules and laws related to the engineering of water supply facilities. At the same time, the assistance from the expert and the advice provided by the leaders need to be professional so that it maintains the competence of the workers that are involved in the project. Wang, Waldman and Zhang (2014) are of the opinion that leaders need to take initiatives and fulfil the role assigned to them for the effective management of the teams.

Sustainability and Environmental Protection

Every profession needs to have certain qualities that are required to be fulfilled to get the status of a professional in the particular field (Weiner 2015). These qualities need to be developed during the completion of the study that is undertaken by the people. The qualities need to be formed at the high school stage or during the graduation stage so that students can have a clear future based on the aim in life. Hence, it can be said that the qualities of becoming a USQ Graduate also require certain factors that are essential for being considered in the role. It has been seen that the University of Southern Queensland aims to maintain as well as create an environment of learning that helps the students set up the base for the growth in the future. These bases help students to become learners for life and develop the skill of effectively solving problems. Relevant knowledge and skill set for the development of future are also required.

Hence, it can be said that to become a graduate of a USQ Program, candidates need to have certain qualities. These qualities include:

Discipline exercise: Evidence needs to be provided along with an analytical engagement of the theoretical knowledge based on the discipline of the engineering that they are pursuing. In this case, evidence of the water supply facilities in India needs to be taken into account for gaining the graduation degree.

Professional practice: The project needs to be done by visiting a particular place that provides opportunities to enhance professional practice. In this regard, it is necessary that the professionals provide evidence for choosing India as the working environment.

Global citizenship: Being an engineer will require interaction with people from different backgrounds. Hence, it is necessary to develop an ability to be communicative with people working in diverse context around the world.

Scholarship: This indicates the ability to contribute to the field of work. This involves being actively involved in the necessary projects and communities that provide opportunities to display the engineering skills.

Lifelong learning: Evidence needs to be provided based on the lifelong learning ability of the individuals. This requires gaining theoretical knowledge beyond the books and journals suggested in the engineering course.

Baumgartner et al. (2015) stated that Australia’s generic attributes for an engineering graduate consist of certain attributes that are required to be followed. This includes:

• The ability to apply the knowledge learned in basic science and fundamentals of engineering. This implies that it is necessary for the engineering professionals to maintain a practice of the course that they have learned for the effectiveness of the profession.
• The ability to communicate in an efficient manner is required, as engineers need to interact with people from different communities and cultures. This involves communication with the engineers as well as the communities
• Engineering competence needs to be developed in at least one discipline of engineering. This can help in a specialisation of the professionals and avoid a risk of unemployment in the country. In this case, the engineering discipline can be on water supply.
• Engineers need to possess the ability identify problems and formulate solutions based on the problems. The effectiveness of the problem-solving ability needs to be based on the competence of the individuals.
• Engineers need to have the ability to apply and use a systems approach for the effective designing of the required discipline. Operational performance needs to be made so that the professionals can understand the manner in which these disciplines can be maintained.
• One of the main factors that make an engineer is the ability to function in different conditions. This includes functioning as individuals, multi-disciplinary teams and multi-cultural teams. This provides them with an option to remain flexible, open to any type of suggestions, and grow as an effective team leader.
• Engineers need to understand the global, social environmental and cultural responsibilities of the society. This is because the construction of the items needs to be done in a manner that uploads the sustainability factor of a society.
• Understanding method to implement and construct in a sustainable manner need to be done so that the interests of the environment can be maintained.
• Engineers need to understand the professional as well as the ethical responsibilities that are expected from them. The commitment of the engineers needs to focus on maintaining the ethics involved with the profession.
• Engineers need to have the urge to continue learning for life. This can help them to develop more experience and develop the capacity to implement the experience in the professional field.

Wiens (2016) stated that the hard and soft skills are necessary for the proper growth of profession of an employee. The hard and soft skills comprise of certain attributes that are necessary for the professional development of an individual. These skills exist side by side and comprise the opportunities of employment for an individual. Some of the examples, hard skill include communication, flexibility, leadership and motivation. The soft skills consist of strong work ethic along with positive attitude and good communication skill. Problem-solving ability is also considered as an important soft skill that needs to be considered by the managers. Thus, it can be said that the hard and soft skills of the individuals are important and the differences between the two skills are the essential factor that comprises the selection of individuals. In my opinion, the differences show the variance that the skills have and consequently help an individual to develop one particular skill over the other.

Ethical Considerations for Engineers

In my opinion, one of the important contributions made by the hard skill is that the abilities or skill sets of the people are set to be quantified. This means that the hard skills are taught in the classrooms by applying books and journals that are necessary for the theoretical knowledge and development of individuals. For an individual to be good at hard skills it is necessary to have a smart IQ. However, in the case of soft skills, it usually takes Emotional Intelligence of the person to be developed. I have also observed that as per the definition is given by Neumann et al. (2015), hard skills are said to the follower of rules. Every rule in an organisation need to be maintained and it is necessary that the employees abide by the rules in the organisation. However, in the case of soft skills, the rules change depending on the situation. Individuals need to be active and demonstrate the ability to think quickly. I believe that such skills can help in the effective management of a professional career in any domain.

Jaspers, Marty and Kiørboe (2018) stated that the population refers to the living creatures that exist in a country. It comprises of the organisms that reside in a particular area and live with the assistance of food, air and water. In sociological terms, a population is defined as the collection of human beings that resided in towns, cities and countries. Up to date, the population of the world is estimated to be 7.609 billion. The population rate fluctuates every day with the number of deaths and births that undergo in the living genre. Thus, it can be said that the density of population in a particular market cannot be determined due to the rise and fall of a population in the world. In this regard, it can be said that the population growth determines the increase in the number of individuals in the population of a country. This signifies the fact that increases in population are more than its decrease due to the number of people that migrate from one place to another. 

Since 1800, the increase of population on the face of the earth has seen an increase of 7 billion. Bongaarts (2016) estimated that within 2088 the population of the world would increase by a further 4 billion. After the analysis, it can be said that the population of China is the highest in the world at 1.37 billion while in India it is 1.35 billion. These two countries have the highest population rate and resources in the countries are depleted at a fast rate. However, unlike China, India does not have a huge economic and technological growth. Due to the excess population, natural supplies such as water and food are always in scarce in the country. Hence, it is important that the water supply facilities developed in the country cover the entire population of the land. The research is based on the development of such facilities and the effectiveness it creates in the social, economic and cultural development of the people in the country.

Team Dynamics and Leadership

Team effectiveness is important for the development of a successful project. According to Hjerto and Kuvaas (2017), team effectiveness is necessary for the proper completion of a project and ensures that organisations have the ability to increase its productivity. I am of the opinion that the team effectiveness consists of the manner in which every employee contribute to the development of an organisation or a project. Every team need to be led by a competent leader that provides effective guidance about a particular project. For engineers, it is necessary that the team members contribute to the gathering and sharing of information that is related to the project.

In my case, the team had to gather information regarding the population of India and the manner in which it increases every year. It has been seen that most of the people in the country reside in poverty and the manner in which these people lead their life indicates the level of poverty in the country. The team managed to gather information on this and about the manner in which water is supplied in every part of the country. Nyerge et al. (2016) stated that the population of India is such that it provides the wealthy people with the resources they need for survival. The team helped in analysing this information so that the water supply facility can be developed.

In order to ensure that the engineers follow a certain path of progress, it is necessary that the individuals pursuing the course follow certain models that can help them to complete a project or engineering discipline in a successful manner. Borg et al. (2015) stated that the application of the engineering model and the project management model could help the engineers to continue with the method of planning projects in an effective manner. In this regard, it can be said that the models have a huge impact on the planning of a project and the manner in which it can be executed. As stated by Cassen (2016) in the case of constructing water supply facilities it is necessary that the engineers understand the project in a proper manner. Proper research needs to be conducted so that the appropriate solution for developing the models can be understood. Alternative solutions are required to ensure that in the case of failure of the initial plan, lose to the project is not incurred.

The project management model, on the other hand, consists of more steps that need to be followed systematically. Ohlan (2015) stated that the steps in the project management model are based more on the grounds of making theoretical and written records about the progress of a project. Hence, it can be said that this mode can be used for conducting the project in the present and looking back at the manner in which the project was completed. In the case of the water supply facilities in India, the initial requirement of the project management model could be the scheduling of the project and conduct meeting with the stakeholders. This can help in ensuring that the resources are obtained in a proper manner and the documentation has been done based on taking into consideration various factors that may affect the project. Risks involved in the project can be documented and reported along with a reflection about the manner in which the project had progressed during the given time.

Data collection method is used to gather relevant information about a particular place or product. Opinions provided by the employees and the customers are used to calculate the responses and make certain assumptions about the manner in which a project can be continued. It has already been seen that solutions to the engineering discipline discussed in the project have been identified. In my opinion, alternate solutions are also required to ensure that risks can be mitigated. Denis, Zérah and Mukhopadhyay (2017) observed that undertaking a construction project might require support from the Government and the political parties of the countries. However, the biggest hindrance that may be caused is the temperature of the country. I believe that to mitigate these threats it is necessary that the engineers collect data by using a quantitative and qualitative method. These methods can help in collecting quality data and require a great deal of experience as well as the expertise to understand the suitability of the data.

Kohli, Bandhopadhyay and Kohli (2015) stated that the qualitative research is generally used to understand the initial cause of the problems. The manner in which the data is collected is in the form of transcript and interview. It does not involve any statistical calculation and the responses given by the people are taken and analysed with a broader perspective. In my opinion, it can be considered as an alternative method of collecting data. The application of the project management model and engineering model provides opportunities to collect data that can be used to conduct research on the Indian environment and society. However, conducting interviews with the Government can help the engineers to learn more about the legal and statutory laws that govern the country. At the same time, the opinion of the Government can be sought directly for the construction of the water supply to counter the problems faced due to the excess population of the country.

The analysis of the population of India has given rise to various alternative solutions that can be used to ensure the safe and effective construction of the water supply facilities. According to Gopalan and Rajan (2016), the aid from the foreigners is important to ensure that the country develops itself in the world and provide the basic requirements to the people that comprise of the dense population. It has been seen that the two biggest constraints that the foreign investors may face in the country are the temperature of the country and the rules of the Government. The Government rules and regulations are the political factors that are required to be mitigated in order to ensure safe working environment. As observed by Porter and Sahin (2016) the political parties form the base for the construction of projects in India. Without the consent of the ruling parties, construction of projects by foreign investors cannot take place. Thus, it can be said that the alternate solution to this particular problem can be to conduct a proper interview with the Government.

They can be provided with an opportunity to understand the condition of the country and the engineers can provide the assistance. The second factor that affects working in India includes the temperature. The temperature of the country is hot and humid particularly to the people coming from a foreign land (Richter et al. 2018). This particular threat cannot be countered as the water supply facilities need to be built under the open air and not in a closed room. However, the employees can take alternate shifts so that fatigue and the heat can be mitigated and the engineers get enough rest without tiring under the heat. Thus, these solutions can be documented keeping in mind the working conditions in India. It is to be noted that the engineers have to be accurate in their prediction of the threatening factors so that the most suitable solution can be obtained to ensure perfect completion of the project.

To complete the project of constructing water supply facilities in India, it is necessary that the engineers develop an assessment methodology that can help in analysing the situation and provide opportunities to take a systematic approach for the construction of the project. As stated by de Jesus Gaffney et al. (2015) an assessment methodology normally comprises of four steps that are systematically developed to ensure that the findings of a project are accurate. These steps include:

Development of guidelines for the assessors: The guidelines about the manner in which a project needs to be conducted are provided in the form of a systematic presentation. The purpose of the project is to be provided that help in the proper assessment of the appropriateness of the project management. In the words of Chaudhuri and Roy (2016) for constructing water supply resources in India, it is necessary that the engineers take into account the manner in which the water supply can be developed by involving the areas located in the rural parts of the country.

Describing the approach used for assessment: The approach needs to be such that a list of inventory that is required for the assessment of the project is prepared. The best inventory suitable for the construction of the project is selected and based on it the evidence is gathered about each assessment that is required for the construction of a project. As stated by Hutchings et al. (2017) the scale and range to be used for each evidence need to be agreed upon.

Collection and analysing of the evidence: The collection of evidence need to be done based on the approach used in the assessment of the project. The evidence are gathered from conducting a survey and ensuring that the evidence helps in documenting the strengths and weakness of the project along with the risk factors. At the same time, it can be helpful if feedbacks are provided so that the implementation of the project agrees with the assessment.

Report the findings: The final step consists of reporting the findings of the evidence to the managers. In this case, the engineers need to report the result of the evidence gathered from conducting the research to the superiors. This can help in understanding the manner in which progress can be made in the completion of the water supply project.

According to Widerström et al. (2014) gathering information require appropriate and reliable sources so that authentic information can be obtained from the collection of the data. The data gathered needs to be from the sources that have regular contact and exposure to threatening factors that might hinder a project. This can help in getting the appropriate information and ensure that the progress towards achieving success can be maintained. In the case of the construction of the water supply in India, the data collected need to be from the local people. According to Pagán et al. (2016), the local people possess the knowledge required for validating a data. The opinion provided by the local people can help the engineers construct projects that are appropriate for assisting the people. In this regard, it can be said that the source of collecting data need to be a primary type. The primary data can help in understanding needs of the society (Diaz-Chavez et al. 2015).

This can be understood after the local people fill up a feedback form that provides opportunities to respond to the people in the society. Thus, it can be said that primary data collection can help in gaining the appropriate feedback of the local people and it can be considered as an authentic approach to the collection of data. The appropriateness of the data collected can be determined by the authentic information of the people. The completeness of the information can be based on the successful implementation of the project. Thus, it can be said that the information regarding the water supply in India, can be obtained from the rural area. This is because the people in the rural area can provide the authentic response about the suffering they have to face due to the lack of water. This can help the engineers to construct an appropriate water supply facility that can help the people and bring prosperity to the country.        

In the words of Kamijo (2015), team effectiveness is required for completing any type of task in a successful manner. This is because the team effectiveness is important in order to ensure that the employees in an organisation work in a united effort to ensure success. This can help any organisation to mitigate any type of issue that may occur. In my opinion, the team that I was a part of were effective in the sharing and gathering of information. The researched information can help in the progress of the project and thus, the collection of information was spread among the people that can be responsible to conduct a good research. In this manner, every member of the team was given roles that can help in the success of the project. The people conducting an analysis of the data handled the calculation of data and the responses of the people. This information was shared so that the other members can make use of this and plan the formation of the project.

The effectiveness of the team could have been improved by making certain changes. In my opinion, during the formation of the team, it was required that the team members be given the job responsibilities based on the skills they possess and the manner in which they can apply the skills. Proper delegation of jobs needs to be provided so that every individual understand the roles and responsibilities they have in a team (Kiyokawa and Hennessy 2017). Thus, it can be said that the roles of the members needed to be delegated during the initial bonding of the team. This can help the team to have clarity of the responsibility that they need to carry out. In my team, the effectiveness needs to be based on the manner in which one can perform the roles assigned to them. This can help the team to conduct the project in a systematic manner and work towards the effective development of the project. 

The analysis provided a direct approach to find a solution in the construction of the water supply in India. The water supply of the country needs to be provided keeping in mind the manner in which it can help the people. According to Greenstone and Hanna (2014), the water supply facility needs to be such that it covers the intended target area and ensures that the minimum water required for conducting the daily chores are used effectively by the people. However, the risk and threats for conducting the project need to be analysed before formulating the idea of the project. It can be seen that the social, environmental and economic factors can pose serious threats in the completion of the project Apart from this the interference from the Government also play a key role in the completion of the project. Thereby, an alternative solution can be derived that provides an opportunity to ensure the successful completion of the project by mitigating the threats.

According to Milazzo (2016), an optimum selection method is required for the collection of data and the manner in which it can be used for the purpose of the organisation. The collection of data need to be based on the type of work that is required to be done and the responses that are required to be collected. An alternate solution to the development of projects can be made by analysing the economic and social factors that affect the working of business and life style in India. A population analysis is also required to be undertaken so that the water supply facility can be made effectively. The planning of making the water supply facilities need to be done in a manner that covers a major population in India. Moreover, Cairns (2017) said that it is necessary that the alternate solution find ways to mitigate the Government and temperature threat that are in excess for conducting business in India. One of the main reasons for the failure to complete the work in the scheduled time is the temperature factor. Thus, the alternative solution needs to have proper response to combat this threat.

For example, it is necessary to ensure that the scheduling of the construction is made keeping in mind the temperature of the country. For this, alternative solution that can be developed is the scheduling of the construction. Working during the night can be an option for the engineers as they can save themselves from the excessive heat of the temperature. At the same time, it is also necessary that the engineers work at rotational shifts so that the fatigue can be reduced.  Therefore, it is necessary that the effectiveness of the alternate approaches be developed so that proper working can take place between the Government of Australia as well as the Government of India.

Alternative solutions can be drawn that can help the engineers to identify the effectiveness of the methodologies that exist in the society. One of the solutions that can be developed is maintaining the political allies between different countries. In this case, it can be said that the Government of Australia need to develop political ties with India so that the engineering campaign can take place. In the case of combating with the temperature factor, it can be said that the engineers in Australia can take turns while working the premises of the construction site. Trust over one another is necessary so that the Government as well as the companies maintain collaboration with one another in terms of economic progress. In India, it is necessary that the method used for the development of the construction site require the approval of the Government.

As observed by Vaughan and Russell (2015) the people of a society are considered as the main stakeholders during the construction of a project. This is because project construction requires the support of the people in a society and it can be achieved by maintaining proper cooperation with them. The coordination and cooperation with the members of the society can be maintained by providing employment opportunities during the construction of the project. The support provided to the society can be considered as a corporate social responsibility undertaken by the companies. The engineering company need to ensure that the community of India is educated with the knowledge of the advantages of the water supply mechanism. It has been seen that in most part of India, there are problems regarding the storage of water as the water remains contaminated with the effects of pollution. However, it is also needed that the construction site does not emit pollutants so that the society may be affected by it. Therefore, it can be said that local people can be employed so that they can help in construction of the project and ensure that the sustainability in the society is maintained.

In a country like India, the population is huge and the number of employees that can be employed for a project site can help in the proper development of a project. Thus, Kneese (2015) stated that this could be an important social consideration that can be considered to maintain a good relationship with the members of the society. Apart from this, it is also required that the engineers maintain a proper corporate social responsibility that can help in the development of the people in the society. The responsibility can be based on the ethical and sustainable use of water in the country.

According to Gilpin (2016), the social responsibility of the engineers can result in the proper employment of the people in the society. Not only this, the knowledge of the people in the society can be enhanced about the application of water supply in a proper manner and the ways by which knowledge among the people about coordination and cooperation can be enhanced. In this regard, it can be said that social consideration is one of the most important aspects that the engineers need to consider. In India, the people of a society need to be assured about the contributions that projects can make so that they can allow the successful completion of the project. As stated by Abdel-Shafy and Mansour (2016) it is to be kept in mind that the people of the society pose a big threat to the political factors of the country. This is mainly because of the fact that the people of the society are involved in the political affairs and direct the influence in the society.

The CSR activities can help in the development of the society and improve the reputation of the engineering company. One such threat that can be considered is the fact that the education of the people is one of the important social considerations that need to be kept in mind. This is because people in India may find it difficult to believe the fact that such construction work can help in the development of clean water among the country. Therefore, the engineering company can promote the responsibility among the people about the manner in which they can contribute to the development of the society. The impact of the population of a society can also be a major factor for the consideration of the social impact.

The environmental factor is one of the biggest threats in the modern world. As stated by Hallström, Carlsson-Kanyama and Börjesson (2015) the environmental considerations are important as it denotes the sustainability of the society. Every country needs to ensure that the sustainability of the environment is maintained so that the natural environment can be safely kept. Hence, it is the duty of every manager and leaders of organisations and construction engineers to ensure such sustainability in the environment is maintained. This can help the engineers to ensure that the environment can be used as an ally during the construction of the projects. Hence, it can be said that the environmental considerations are important for the protection of the society in which the project is being undertaken. It is necessary that the people in the society contribute heavily for the protection of the environment. This is because without proper protection of the environment it can be difficult for the organisations to maintain its sustainability in the business. Sustainability is one of the most important aspects that need to be undertaken by a company. Hence, it is necessary that the engineer constructors analyse the current condition of the environmental factors that may hinder the progress of a society. Therefore, it can be said that the construction workers in India need to maintain the environmental factors so that the society can be protected. This calls for protecting the environment as well as the society consideration.

In the case of the engineers working for the water supply in India, the environmental factor plays an important role as the sustainability in India need to be maintained. As stated by Ivanova et al. (2016) even though the environment of India may not be as pure as other countries, sustainability needs to be maintained for the safeguarding of the people. This can be achieved by the united efforts of the people in a society. The society needs to ensure that the population of the country contribute heavily for identifying the factors responsible for polluting the environment. One such factor can be the excess dumping of waste in the water and land. This can cause problems for the water life as well as the people residing on land. This can be considered as an ironic factor as the aim of the engineering company is to ensure that the water of the country is safe and can be consumed by the people. In this regard, it can be said that the engineering company need to reduce the use of the materials required for the construction of the water facility.

It has been seen that the Indian environment is mainly polluted with an excess number of vehicles. The emergence of a construction site may cause more damage to the environment and create problems for the people. Thereby, it is important for the people of the country to ensure that the environment is protected from any type of harm (Gao and Wang 2014). It can be said that it is the duty of the engineers to ensure such protection of the environment takes place. This can be done by ensuring that the fumes emitted during the construction of the facility are limited by the application of sustainable materials. The intention of the engineers is to make one of the gifts of nature available to the people, but to do so it is also necessary that the other natural factors be not affected. The emission of poisonous gases may also be harmful to the water supply of the country (Bilgen 2014). Thus, the environment consideration plays a major role in the construction of a successful project.

Jacobs (2016) stated that the economic considerations are another important factor that may affect the construction of projects. This is mainly because of the fact that the economy of a country fluctuates heavily and it is necessary that every organisation maintain their finances to combat the economic constraints. The economic constraints can be in the form of interest rates, recession, inflation, demand and supply. The tax imposed by the Government can also be considered as an economic constraint that may pose a serious threat to the activities of a business (Jorgenson, Gollop and Fraumeni 2016). One of the major considerations that the Australian construction company need to consider is the fact that India is not a financially rich country. Therefore, it is necessary to undertake construction work that does not deal a huge financial blow to the economic aspects of growth in the country. In this regard, it can be said that the Government of India as well as Australia need to develop a mutual consent that helps in maintaining the economic stability of the country. One of the manners to undertake economic considerations is by ensuring that restrictions regarding the excessive use of resources are controlled. This may prove a hindrance for the engineer company as the unavailability of the resources may provide a huge problem for the successful completion of the project.

At the same time, it is also necessary that the budget of the project be maintained so that it may provide relaxation to the cost of the company. The Indian government need to ensure that the success of the project undertaken by the company is achieved within the budget of the company. This can help in maintaining the cost of labour as well as maintain the financial effectiveness of the construction project. At the same time, the budget of the construction site can help in investing in other areas necessary for the development of the project. The water supply in India needs to maintain the economic condition and ensure that it aligns with the society and the environmental factors.

Thus, it can be said that the economic constraints need to be considered keeping in mind the manner in which an organisation can maintain proper functioning of the business. In the case of the water supply in India, the engineers need to ensure that the economic factors that may affect the construction of the project are mitigated. It has already been established that the Government plays an important role in providing a threat to the success of a project. This can come in the form of tax imposition.

The engineers that are involved in the construction of the project in India need to keep in mind that the economy of India fluctuates at a consistent rate. This is mainly because of the fact that the country has business deals with countries like America and the UK. Any fluctuation in the economy of those countries may severely affect the economy of India. Panayotou (2016) stated that the interest rate might fluctuate with time. This is, however, is dependent upon the taking of loan for the project. The construction of a large construction site needs some amount of loan that needs to be obtained from the banks. Thus, the engineers need to ensure that the loans are not in excess so that a huge debt does not have to be paid to the banks. Hence, according to Kuznets (2016), the engineers need to ensure that the economic consideration in India is kept in mind for the proper and successful completion of the project. Therefore, the costing and quantification of the construction site can be taken into consideration.

Quantification refers to the measurement of the factors that are required for construction of projects (Cooper 2017). It is the act of counting that provides a mapping of the observations of the sense of human beings. The experiences gathered by the people are converted into quantities that are necessary for the scientific approach towards a business. In the case of the water supply in India, the measurement needs to be made about the length and breadth of the project and the amount of area that the project seeks to cover. The measurement needs to be such that it provides fact of the units necessary for the production of specific engineering standards (Damodaran 2016).

It can be said that the measurement and quantification of the projects need to be done based on the amount required for the completion of a project. The costing need to be speculated based on the area covered by the project and the time scheduled for the completion of the project. In the case of projects in India, the estimated cost and time need to be higher than in other countries because of the excessive threats from external factors (Friberg 2018). Thus, the costing and the quantification of the project need to be based on the external factors of business that present itself in the country.

The cost required for the construction of the water supply project requires providing payment to the employees. At the same time, a scientific approach is also required to be provided so that the project undertaken can be done in a systematic manner. The quantification of the project need to be such that it covers the basic costs required for conducting the business. At the same time, it is also necessary that the materials required are validated so that major accidents related to the constriction of the projects can be mitigated. Some of the constraints that need to be analysed while constructing the project include the time limitation and the lack of resources.

The cost of the project also needs to include the timeline required for the completion of the project. This includes identifying the trained people that are required for the construction of the project related to the water supply. The measurement of the cost need to be estimated so that the time of the completion of the project can be calculated. The cost and quantification of the water supply project need to be based on the external factors that affect the business of a country. Hence, the social, environmental and economic factors need to be considered for the successful completion of the water supply. Therefore, maintaining the quantification and cost of the project can help in the effective budgeting of the engineering constriction companies and ensure that success of the project can be achived.

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