Literature Review

Discuss about the Business Models For The Circular Economy.

Outsourcing could play an imperative role in the business function of the multination organizations, where the organizations could outsource their activities for focusing on the primary activities and obtains higher competitive benefits. The business outsourcing could be imperative for the business growth. The business outsources is become significant in the current era as it would support to hire human resources and marketing. It could also support to decline the workload by categorizing the activities (Schniederjans, et al., 2015).  It could support to attain the organizational task in the least time and cost. It could support the organization to manage the challenges of expertise selection. Operational cost could support the organization to attain objectives and aim (Johnson, 2016). The outsourcing could support organization to reduce their operational cost because it enables the company to outsource their business function to the third party. But at the same time, it is also analyzed that there are many facts that could directly influence the outcome of research (Gurung and Prater, 2017).  

The main aim of this research is to address s advantage ages and disadvantages of business functions outsourcing. The following objectives will be completed by the researcher to meet the specified aim of research.

• To discover the meaning and concept of business function outsourcing
• To identity the advantages of business function outsourcing
• To explore the disadvantages of business function outsourcing  

This proposal supports to collect the knowledge about advantages and disadvantages of business functions outsourcing, Australia. It is also analyzed that business outsources could directly impact on the organizational performance of the organization. It could inspire the researcher to start their investigation on the current research concern. Furthermore, it can also be analyzed that there are different factors that could support to improve the process of business functions as it would support to get higher competitive benefits in the least time and cost. This research proposal assists the research scholar to enhance their professional skills. It could also be imperative for the research scholar to make their career in starting a new business. It could support to obtain higher competitive advantages. In the existing business scenario, company use outsources business activity to keep the capabilities of the firm. This research helps to make an appropriate decision in the context of business functions outsourcing.

With respect to the literature review, it can also be summarized that outsourcing enables the organization to outsource their secondary activity to the third party for eliminating operating cost. Consequently, Organization would be capable to obtain higher competitive benefits in least time and cost (Sivakumar, et al., 2015).  From this, the organization could enchased the efficacy of businesses by selecting talented third party for outsource their business function. It could also enable the organization to make the flexible atmosphere in the working place. In this, the organization would be capable to hire the specialist from the different cultural background (Dinu, 2015). Cost-effectiveness is also enhanced as the workforces are being hired at lower compensation. It can also be concluded that the multinational organizations of American and Europe region are capable to hire cheap skilled rated employees from the Asian Countries. The key advantage of business function outsourcing is associated with the enhancement of economic situation of developing countries as it would support to enhance higher employment level (Hair Jr, et al., 2015).  In the current scenario, the organization could use foster innovation for increasing the business sustainability in least time and cost. Outsourcing business function could be possible by different talented people as it would enhance the innovation level at the working place. Consequently, the organization would be capable to obtain higher success. It can also be illustrated that outsourcing could mandate the organization to distribute their services to the third party that decline their power to control the secondary activities of the organization (Lewandowski, 2016).  It would decline the growth of organizational performance by negatively influence the image of the organization. In addition, it is also found that the efficacy of business could be dependent on the transparency of confidential data of outsource organization. The outsourcing organizations share their whole information to the third party that could enhance possibilities of the data leakage. The outsourcing of business functions could decline the financial performance of an organization by leakage the confidential data of organization in the least time (Kumar, et al., 2015). Hence, it can be said that outsource could negatively impact influence the organizational performance. It is also found that the small organization uses many unethical practices to hack the confidential information of the multinational company and obtain higher benefits. Thus, it can also be analyzed that outsourcing could decline the image of organization caused by investing minimum money in outsourcing activities and outsource their business activities to any country. It will also influence the whole performance of the organization (Markus and Jacobson, 2015).                     

• What is meaning and concept of business function outsources?
• What are the advantages of business function outsources?
• What are the disadvantages of business function outsources?

Research Methodology

The research methodology supports the research scholar to choose appropriate data collection method for discovering current research concern. There are two methods that could be considered by the research methodology like qualitative and quantitative research design (Agostino, et al., 2015).          

The qualitative research process could consider many phases like research planning, recruitment, screening criteria, discussion guide and homework, and focus group & final report. Initially, a researcher could discover the information about advantages and disadvantages of business functions outsourcing (Hatten, 2015). After this, a researcher could broadcast the required criteria for functioning research process. In addition, research scholar could try to discuss their issues form their mentor and obtain a reliable and valid result. Subsequently, research scholar could concentrate on the targeted group for making the last report by considering the collected findings (Patil, and Wongsurawat, 2015).

The research approaches could be imperative for attaining aim and objectives of the research. The inductive approach will be practiced by the investigator to obtain the feasible result in the context of research matter. The inductive approach enables to obtain conceptual information about the research matter (Peters, et al., 2015). Apart from this, deductive approach aids the research scholar to make a hypothesis and prove and reject the collected data for the attainment of research concern. The research issue is subjective in nature hence the deductive approach would not be appropriate to meet the aim and objectives of research concern.

Sampling method could enable the investigator to choose an appropriate sample from the whole population. It could also help the research scholar to perform their research study and obtain reliable research result (Taylor, et al., 2015). The non-probability sampling method will be exercised by the investigator to operate the process of research consequently researcher would be capable to get feasible research result. The non-probability sampling method enables the research scholar to select the research candidates on the basis of education, gender, sex, age, and experience. It is also analyzed that the non-[probability sampling method facilitate the research scholar to get accurate data in the context of research concern. For this research study, 7 managers of Apple will be selected from the different region of Australia by the researcher to conduct their research. It would support to evaluate the advantages and disadvantages of using business functions outsourcing.       

The primary data collection method will be practiced by the research scholar to get the feasible information in the context of research concern. This method could also be imperative for getting the reliable and valid outcome in the context of current research concern. The primary data collection method use survey through questionnaire method to obtain fresh information about research issue (Taylor, et al., 2015). Moreover, it can also be illustrated that this method could also help to obtain valid data from the targeted sample size.     

Data Collection Method

The independent and dependent variable are two different variables that are considered in the research study. For this business, outsourcing could be independent factors while the performance of Apple could depend on the factor. 

In the first stage, the research scholar identifies the research issues for effectively conduct their research. Later, the researcher develops the hypothesis and creates the literature review to perform other research activity and obtain a reliable outcome. Furthermore, ethical norms could help the researcher to perform an ethical behavior at the time of research with their selected research participants (Mackey and Gass, 2015). Subsequently, practiced many data collection method researcher to perform their research and get a feasible outcome. The investigator would make a budget plan for attainment of the objectives of the researcher to get a valid and feasible outcome.

The investigator uses secondary data collection method to get theoretical information about the advantages and disadvantages of business function outsourcing. In this, different methods are considered by the researcher such as an academic journal, annual report, offline and online websites, and government publication (Flick, 2015). This technique is used by the researcher to obtain higher benefits. It could also assist the researcher to obtain a reliable outcome.    

Initially, the research scholar would make an effective plan for the current research matter. Afterward, the research scholar would support to record the data and evaluate them appropriately. In this research, Ms-excel software will be practiced by the research scholar to present their collected information by column, bar, pie chart, and graphs. The investigator would interpret the collected information after the completion of data collection. Consequently, the researcher would be capable to obtain feasible information in the context of research concern (Flick, 2015).           

For this research, the probability sampling method will be considered as it would facilitate to conduct the survey through a questionnaire. Consequently, the researcher would be capable to obtain feasible information in the context of research concern. This method enables the investigator to select research contributors randomly. It will facilitate the researcher to eliminate biases from the research (Humphries, 2017).  It will also support to improve the quality of research outcome. For this research study, the researcher has selected 50 employees of Apple for conducting the research and obtains a reliable outcome.

Validity demonstrates the practicability of research as it would be completed by the using the quantitative information. Apart from this, the reliability could support to examine the trustworthiness of research outcome.  

Independent and Dependent Variables

There are many factors that could negatively impact on the quality of research results like resource, cost, and time. In addition, it can also be examined that the inappropriate sample size could decline the quality of research result. A researcher could also accountable for maintaining the confidential information of research contributors as it could also be hectic for the researcher scholar (Silverman, 2016). Moreover, it is also found that the primary data collection method takes more time than the secondary data collection as it would also a negative impact on the research outcome.

The research time frame could support to examine the time for completion of research activity. The research time frame is discussed by following Gantt chart:   

Research Activities	Estimated Time Frame for  research activities completion
	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12	13	14	15
Research concern development
Design of research aim and objectives and hypothesis
Selection of data collection method
Development of Questionnaire Design
Selecting suitable sample size by considering sampling method
Data analysis method selection
Final draft
Report submission

From the above research time frame, it can also be summarized that research time frame support to estimate the suitable time as it would be supportive to obtain reliable data. There are different kinds of research activities that could be considered by the researcher to complete the whole research. These research activities like Research concern development, Design of research aim and objectives and hypothesis, Selection of data collection method, Development of Questionnaire Design, Selecting suitable sample size by considering sampling method, Data analysis method selection, Final draft, and Report submission.      

Conclusion

From the above discussion, it can be concluded that outsourcing could support the organization to distribute their consumer’s services or secondary activities to the third party. Consequently, the organization would be capable to focus on the primary activity and obtain higher competitive benefits. It can also be summarized that the business outsourcing could decline the power of organization to manage both primary and secondary activity as it would negatively impact on the company’s image.

References

Agostino, M., Giunta, A., Nugent, J.B., Scalera, D., and Trivieri, F., 2015. The importance of being a capable supplier: Italian industrial firms in global value chains. International Small Business Journal, 33(7), pp.708-730.

Dinu, A.M., 2015. The risks and benefits of outsourcing. Knowledge Horizons. Economics, 7(2), p.103.

Flick, U., 2015. Introducing research methodology: A beginner’s guide to doing a research project. UK: Sage.

Gurung, A. and Prater, E., 2017. A research framework for the impact of cultural differences on IT outsourcing. In Global Sourcing Of Services: Strategies, Issues, And Challenges (pp. 49-82).

Hair Jr, J.F., Wolfinbarger, M., Money, A.H., Samouel, P. and Page, M.J., 2015. Essentials of business research methods. UK: Routledge.

Hatten, T.S., 2015. Small business management: Entrepreneurship and beyond. USA: Nelson Education.

Humphries, B., 2017. Re-thinking social research: anti-discriminatory approaches in research methodology. USA: Taylor & Francis.

Johnson, G., 2016. Exploring strategy: text and cases. USA: Pearson Education.

Kumar, N.S., Lakshmi, G.R. and Balamurugan, B., 2015. Enhanced attribute-based encryption for cloud computing. Procedia Computer Science, 46, pp.689-696.

Lewandowski, M., 2016. Designing the business models for the circular economy—Towards the conceptual framework. Sustainability, 8(1), p.43.

Mackey, A. and Gass, S.M., 2015. Second language research: Methodology and design. UK: Routledge.

Markus, M.L., and Jacobson, D.D., 2015. The governance of business processes. In Handbook on Business Process management 2 (pp. 311-332). Springer, Berlin, USA: Heidelberg.

Patil, S. and Wongsurawat, W., 2015. Information technology (IT) outsourcing by business process outsourcing/information technology enabled services (BPO/ITES) firms in India: A strategic gamble. Journal of Enterprise Information management, 28(1), pp.60-76.

Peters, C., Blohm, I. and Leimeister, J.M., 2015. Anatomy of successful business models for complex services: Insights from the telemedicine field. Journal of Management Information Systems, 32(3), pp.75-104.

Schniederjans, M.J., Schniederjans, A.M. and Schniederjans, D.G., 2015. Outsourcing and insourcing in an international context. UK: Routledge.

Silverman, D. ed., 2016. Qualitative research. UK: Sage.

Sivakumar, R., Kannan, D. and Murugesan, P., 2015. Green vendor evaluation and selection using AHP and Taguchi loss functions in production outsourcing in the mining industry. Resources Policy, 46, pp.64-75.

Taylor, S.J., Bogdan, R. and DeVault, M., 2015. Introduction to qualitative research methods: A guidebook and resource. USA: John Wiley & Sons