Study Selection and Descriptions

Hamlac?, Y., & Yazici, S. (2017). The Effect of acupressure applied to point LI4 on perceived labor pains. Holistic nursing practice, 31(3), 167-176.

The review article focus on the basic goal in controlling the labor pain the women during childbirth. It was based on experiment where 88 pregnant women were selected to study the effect of acupressure. The question in the review article aims on the outcome obtained by the use of acupressure in reducing labor pain and time in pregnant women. It uses controlled and randomized experiment design to evaluate the result. The review article used Cochrane Database and rest other is not mentioned, it used references from the Google scholar related to the use of acupressure for reducing labor pain. A written permission from the Ministry of Health Istanbul Provincial Health Directorate was attained. In study by the author was valid as it highlights the key factors which involves the use of acupressure in reducing pain, and the other complementary and substitute therapies involved in the treatment and their use in pain management. The result of the review was reasonable, as it was observed that the selected pregnant women witnessed reduced labor pain and had shorter labor time when acupressure was implemented in the process. The result showed that, overall of 68.2% of the research group of pregnant mothers and 81.8% of the control group of mothers specified that the labor pain was intolerable, while an aggregate of 15.9% of the pregnant mothers in both the groups said that it was minor than anticipated. The result of the review was precise, it used data were assessed by a professional by means of Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 15.0. The VAS was used to collect the interview data from the pregnant mothers. The study of acupressure for reducing labor pain in pregnant women is applicable to local population as it showed better result, and it was found some resemblances with the nationwide average of Turkey when associated with the Turkish Demographic and Health Survey 2013 data. It was found in the review that the perception of the labor pain was decreased in the pregnant women but they found it insufficient to control the labor pain. It also was observed that it was shortening the labor in pregnant women and possible considerate outcomes were observed. The review showed a positive outcome and was found beneficial in reducing labor pain in woman using acupressure. It review is worth the effort and cost that has been applied.

Outcome Evaluation and Analysis

Mansouri, E., Kordi, M., Badiee Aval, S., Shakeri, M. T., & Mirteimouri, M. (2018). Comparison of the Effect of Pressure on Bladder-GV20 and Gallbladder-GV20 on Labor Pain Intensity among the Primiparous Women: A Randomized Clinical Trial. Evidence Based Care, 8(3), 7-16.

The review focuses on the use of acupressure in primiparous women and to compare its results on application on bladder-GV20 and gallbladder-GV20 points on the women with labor pain. The review study used randomized clinical trait with the 158 primiparous women volunteer. The question in the review objects on the conclusion obtained by the use of acupressure application on bladder-GV20 and gallbladder-GV20 points in reducing labor pain in pregnant women. It uses both controlled as well as randomized research design. The review article is a part of a project conducted by Master thesis at Mashhad University of Medical Sciences. It also had involvement of the midwives and specialists of Um Al-Benin Specialized Women’s Hospital. The study focuses on the key factors which involves the usage of acupressure in reducing labor pain and the area of application chosen was GV20 in primiparous women. The outcome of the review was rational, as it was witnessed that compression on bladder-GV20 and gallbladder-GV20 points can decrease pain concentration in the first and second phases of labor. The result stated that the mean labor pain amount in both the stages of the mediation groups was suggestively dissimilar from the control group and was found significantly lower in the gallbladder assembly (P<0.001). The mean interval of contractions in the first phase was found different among the three groups (P<0.001). The result of the review was precise; the data was analysed by using Chi-square test, nonparametric Kruskal-Wallis, one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), Mann-Whitney, and Friedman tests by means of the SPSS version 25. The research can be applicable in the clinical practice to reduce the labor pain in pregnant women. It has shown effective outcomes in reducing the pain during labor. The other possible outcomes were that, this study can be applicable in the second and other critical stages of labor in pregnant women. The review exposed an optimistic outcome and was found valuable in dropping labor pain in woman by means of acupressure on gallbladder-GV20 and bladder-GV20. It analysis is worth the determination and cost that has been provided.

Ozgoli, G., Mobarakabadi, S. S., Heshmat, R., Majd, H. A., & Sheikhan, Z. (2016). Effect of LI4 and BL32 acupressure on labor pain and delivery outcome in the first stage of labor in primiparous women: a randomized controlled trial. Complementary therapies in medicine, 29, 175-180.

Discussion

The review aims in examine and comparing the outcome of LI4 and BL32 acupressure on pregnant women, with individually and control assembly on labor pain and delivery results. The experiment used 105 pregnant women in their active first stage of labor. The question in this review is properly stated, as the knowledge obtained from the review shows that acupressure application on L14 and BL32 points in useful in dropping labor pain in the pregnant women. It a randomized controlled research design. Present references were used by the researcher and assistance of specialist and midwives were used in order to assess the pregnant women. The study focuses by using the key factors such as acupressure, various points such as L14 and BL32 in pregnant women, and all together it reduces the labour pain. All these key factors are found to be the main associates of the study. The study is reasonable as it is effective in relieving pain in pregnant women by application of acupressure in L14 and BL32 points. Reduction of labor pain was greater in LI4 and BL32 groups as compared with the control in the study. Also, acupressure applied on BL32 point was greater to LI4 point in reducing pain in all intervention. Type of delivery and new-born Apgar score were measured as delivery conclusions; the overall data was achieved by a proper check list and was analuzed using varioustechniques such as Repeated Measurement, Chi-Square, ANOVA, Mann-Whitney tests and Kruskal-Wallis. As per the outcome observed, it can be stated that these can be incorporated in the clinical process in order to provide relief to pregnant women during labour. The other potential outcomes were that; this practice can be appropriate for various other critical stages of labor in pregnant women. The research has been proved as a public welfare, it has helped in healthcare centre in reducing the labor pain in pregnant women. It makes the research worth all the harms and costs that took place.

Calik, K. Y., & Komurcu, N. (2014). Effects of SP6 acupuncture point stimulation onlabor pain and duration of labor. Iranian Red Crescent Medical Journal, 16(10).

The review clearly focuses on the requirement of the question. Here the studied population are pregnant women, where the pain during the labor is reduced effectively by the effect of SP6 Acupuncture. The paper is selected thoroughly based on the requirements of the question. The research is done by the randomized control study design using single blinded method for evaluate the intervention, which minimises the biasness. The database used for the bibliography are not mentioned, but the reference list and the published date is properly followed along with the language. Approval is obtained from Institution’s Human Research Committee and regular contact with a gynaecologist is done. The authors validate the quality of the study. Author clearly mentioned the key concept mentioned in the question. The effectiveness of SP6 acupuncture in relieving pain in labor is mentioned by comparing with the control group. The result is said to be reasonable which is obtained after comparing both the groups were similar to other studies. The method works in reducing pain of pregnant women which is clearly displayed. SP6 acupuncture works efficiently in minimising the labor pain. The result of the review is analysed by performing a chi square test. The result is provided in the basis of p value. From the result it is concluded that, women of the control group bared more severe pain than that of the other group and also for longer duration of time.  The result analysed after the experiment is detailed and precise. The result is analysed on the basis of VAS among the control group and the experimental group. Apart from that the duration of 1^st (experimental group- 225 minutes & control group- 320 minutes) and 2^nd (experimental group- 15 minutes & control group- 20 minutes) labor pain is also discussed. The outcome of the review is applicable in locally also. The same result is analysed in turkey and other countries also. The SP6 acupuncture works effectively in minimising the labor pain of the pregnant women. All the outcomes were considered except the range of effectiveness of the method. The background of all the respondents taken were similar hence, the range of effectiveness in case of patient from dissimilar background remains unanswered. The findings obtained from the research is noble and adds value to the existing literature. The research is performed first in this particular field in turkey. Hence the benefit obtained is worth the harm and cost of the research. 

Conclusion

Dabiri, F., & Shahi, A. (2014). The effect of LI4 acupressure on labor pain intensity and duration of labor: a randomized controlled trial. Oman medical journal, 29(6), 425

The review clearly focuses on the question. Here the respondents are Parturient women, who are treated with LI4 acupressure to reduce the intensity and duration of labor. The authors selected the appropriate paper. In the paper the requirements of the question are addressed properly. The study is conducted by randomized clinical trial using single blinded method, which provides effective result. The studies include relevant information and was approved by Ethics Committee of Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences. The references are generated with the help of Google scholar. Other database which are used to create references and information about publisher is not mentioned. The study is valid as the key concept are clearly mentioned in the article. The LI4 acupressure helps in minimising the labor pain in pregnant women, but LI4 does not provide any effect in reducing the duration of the labor pain. The result obtained after the experiment is expected with respect to reducing pain. The LI4 works effectively in reducing the labor pain, but it does not work in reducing the duration of the labor pain, which means it is not reasonable. The result obtained after analysing 149 respondents (acupressure group- 50, control group- 49 touching group- 50), the maximum labor pain is reduced into the acupressure group, whereas the duration of labor (p=0.942) pain is similar in the demographic groups. The result is provided in precise and detailed manner. The pain is calculated on the VAS and then is calculated on the basis of p ratio. The effect of duration of labor, pain and type of delivery is discussed by P ratio. The research is applicable and as it assess the labor pain and the duration of labor pain in detail and no specific group or locality is mentioned. Hence it is applicable in different locality also. The outcome of the research is dissimilar to the expected outcome. The LI4 is expected to reduce the duration pain also which is not done here. Factors such as maternal fear and anxiety is also neglected in the article which might affect the result. The harms and cost of the research is worth the benefits of the research. The research is decent and provide effective findings but there are certain limitation such as negligence of some factor, no change in pain duration are associated.  

Mafetoni, R. R., & Shimo, A. K. K. (2016). The effects of acupressure on labor pains during child birth: randomized clinical trial. Revista latino-americana de enfermagem, 24. 

The article review clearly emphases on the question. Here the respondents are pregnant women, who are treated with acupressure on the sanyinjiao point. Acupressure applied on the sanyinjiao point helps in minimising the labor pain. The paper selected by the author is appropriate with respect to the question. The requirements are addressed in detail. The study is conducted by singe blind controlled clinical trial by using pragmatic profile of the patient. The review include relevant information and was approved by Ethics Committee on Local Research. The references are created with the help of Google scholar database and except that information about other database is not mentioned. In addition, information about the publisher and professional expert are also not mentioned. Validity of the article is assessed as it clearly mentions the key points. Acupressure on the sanyinjiao point helps in reducing the labor pain in pregnant women in non- invasive manner. The result analysed after the experiment is similar to the expected outcome. The result is analysed by comparing two groups (placebo group and control group) and it is concluded that acupressure on the sanyinjiao point is effective on minimising the labor pain and hence is said to be reasonable. The result obtained after analysing 156 pregnant women (respondents), who were selected and distributed into two groups (placebo group and control group). P value in control group is 0.0929, where as in case of acupressure group it is 0.0001 which means the pain is reduced. The result is provided in précised way. The pain is assessed using VAS and then is calculated by P ratio. The result obtained is expressed in terms of P ratio. The result obtained shows that acupressure works effectively in reducing the labor. The research is applicable as no specification is mentioned. Here the respondents are relieved from their pain by using acupressure at sanyinjiao point. Hence the result is applicable locally. The outcomes of the research covers all the point. It is valid and applicable locally. The outcomes of the research is the expected, which is it helps in reducing the labor pain by providing acupressure at sanyinjiao point. The harms and cost of the research is worth the benefits of the research. The research is noble and the findings obtained by the research is decent and new for the existing literature.

Reference:

Calik, K. Y., & Komurcu, N. (2014). Effects of SP6 acupuncture point stimulation on labor pain and duration of labor. Iranian Red Crescent Medical Journal, 16(10).

Dabiri, F., & Shahi, A. (2014). The effect of LI4 acupressure on labor pain intensity and duration of labor: a randomized controlled trial. Oman medical journal, 29(6), 425.

Hamlac?, Y., & Yazici, S. (2017). The Effect of acupressure applied to point LI4 on perceived labor pains. Holistic nursing practice, 31(3), 167-176.

Mafetoni, R. R., & Shimo, A. K. K. (2016). The effects of acupressure on labor pains during child birth: randomized clinical trial. Revista latino-americana de enfermagem, 24.

 Mansouri, E., Kordi, M., Badiee Aval, S., Shakeri, M. T., & Mirteimouri, M. (2018). Comparison of the Effect of Pressure on Bladder-GV20 and Gallbladder-GV20 on Labor Pain Intensity among the Primiparous Women: A Randomized Clinical Trial. Evidence Based Care, 8(3), 7-16.

Ozgoli, G., Mobarakabadi, S. S., Heshmat, R., Majd, H. A., & Sheikhan, Z. (2016). Effect of LI4 and BL32 acupressure on labor pain and delivery outcome in the first stage of labor in primiparous women: a randomized controlled trial. Complementary therapies in medicine, 29, 175-180.